Chapter Seven
Terms
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- macronutrients
- require large quantities, play principal roles in cell structure and metabolism
- micronutrients/trace elements
- involved in enzymatic function and maintenance of protein structure-small amounts like manganese, zinc and nickel
- maximum temperature
- highest temperature that permits microbe's growth and metabolism
- essential nutrients
- must be provided to an organism because the body does not synthesize it
- Kinds of elements
- microbial nutrition,environmental factors and microbial growth
- mesophile
- 20-40 degrees Celcius
- carbon source
- heterotroph and autotroph
- optimum temperature
- promotes the fastest rate of growth and metabolism
- chemoorganic autotrophs
- derives their energy from organic compounds and their carbon source from inorganic compounds
- inorganic nutrients
- atom of molecules like sodium, metal and their salts
- chemoheterotrophs
- derive both carbon and energy from organic compounds
- lithoautotroph
- neither sunlight or organics, completely used inorganic sources
- saprobic
- decomposer's of plants litter, animal matter and dead microbes
- thermophile
- 45-80 degrees Celcius
- minimum temperature
- lowest temperature that permits a microbe's growth and metabolism
- obligate aerobe
- requires oxygen for metabolism, possess enzymes that can neutralize the toxic oxygen metabolites, superoxide dismutase and catalase
- nutrition
- process by which chemical substances are acquired from environment and used for cellular activites
- nutritional types
- carbon source and energy source
- autotroph
- organism that uses carbon dioxide, an inorganic gas as its carbon source, not nutritionally dependent on other living things
- organic nutrients
- contain carbon and hydrogen and usually a product of living things
- photoautotrophs
- derive energy from sunlight, transform light rays into chemical energy, primary producers of organic matter for heterotrophs, primary producers of oxygen (algae,plants and some bacteria)
- two gases that influences microbial growth
- oxygen (respiration and oxidizing agent) and carbon dioxide
- sources of essential nutrients
- NCHOPS
- psychrophile
- 0-15 degrees Celcius
- parasitic
- live in or on the body of the host but provides no health, could also be a detriment to the host
- heterotroph
- must obtain carbon in an organic form made by other living organisms such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids
- other nutrients
- KNaCaFeMg
- three cardinal temperatures
- minimum temperature, maximum temperature and optimum temperature
- energy source
- chemotroph (for chemical compound) and phototroph (through photosynthesis)