Ch. 31 Biology OLSH
vocab words for Chapter 31
Terms
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- mesophyll
- in leaves, the tissue where photosynthesis occurs
- cuticle/cutin
- a waxy covering that prevents desiccarion
- heartwood
- darker wood in the center of a tree
- pit
- thin, porous area of the cell wall
- tendril
- a specialized leaf found in many vines that takes on a coiled appearance
- sink
- the place where a plant stored or uses sugars
- net venation
- in plant leaves the repeated branching of veins to form a network of smaller veins
- parenchyma
- in plants, the living tissue of the ground system, consisting of cells with thin cell walls
- bark
- the protective outside sovering of woody plants, consists of cork, cork cambium, phloem, cortex, and vascualr cambium
- blade
- the broad, flat portion of a typical leaf
- cork
- dead cells that provide protection and prevent water loss
- micronutrients
- plant cells use other minerals, such as manganese, in smaller amounts
- annual ring
- a yearly growth ring in a woody plant
- primary growth
- the tissue produced by apical meristems in plants
- vein
- transports water
- epidermis
- a layer of cells that forms a continuous sheet over the outer surface of a plant or animal
- fibrous root system
- the primary root does not become large. Instead, numerous small roots develop and branch
- springwood
- in woody plants, secondary xylem with cells that are wide and thin walled the first wood of a growing season
- simple leaf
- a leaf with only one blade
- meristem
- the growing region in plants
- compound leaf
- a type of leaf in which the blade is divided into leaflets
- venation
- the arrangement of veins in a leaf
- cohension-tension theory
- states that water is able to move up the stem xylem due to the strong attraction of water molecules to each other
- wood
- secondary xylem
- intercalary meristem
- a region of plant tissue that allow grass leaves to quickly regrow
- sieve plate
- a region at the end of the sieve tube member through which compunds move from cell to cell
- transpiration
- the evaporation of water through stomota
- guard cell
- one of two cell bordering a stomota, each of which has flexiblecell walls that regulate gas and water exchange
- summerwood
- in woody plants, secondary xylem cells that are small and thick walled and that are produced in hot, dry summers
- sieve tube member
- the conducting cell of angiosperm phloem
- dermal tissue system
- one type of plant tissue system which forms the outer covering of plants
- sclerenchyma
- the tissue of the ground system that supports and strenghtens the plant
- vascualar cambium
- the lateral meristem in a plant that produces assitional vascular tissue
- petiole
- in leaves the structure that arraches blade and stem
- vessel
- in plants, a structure formed by stacked vessel elements
- internode
- one of the different segments of a stem
- vascular tissue system
- the system that includes the xylem and phloem tissues of plants
- endodermis
- the innermost cylinder of the cortex
- sieve tube
- structure formed by stacked sieve tube members
- bud
- structure that develops on the stem at the point of attachment of each leaf
- macronutrients
- plant cells use some minerals, such as nitrogen and potassuim, in large amounts, and required in large amounts
- secondary growth
- the tissue produced by lateral meristems of plants
- apical meristem
- the growing region at the tips of stems and roots in plants
- palisade mesophyll
- in plants a layer of mesophyll directly beneath the upper epidermis where most photosynthesis takes place
- pressure-flow hypothesis
- an explanation of the movement of sugars in the phloem of plants
- ground tissue system
- one type of plant tissue system, made up of parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma
- root hair
- an extension of the epidermis
- parallel venation
- in plants the arrangement of several main veins parallel to each other
- cork cambium
- the lateral meristem of a plant, produces cork
- spongy mesophyll
- a mesophyll of irregularly shaped cells surrounded by air spaces that allow oxygen, carbon dioxide and water to duffuse into and out of the leaf
- vessel element
- an elongated, water conducting plant cell wall with slanting ends and holes through which water can pass
- sapwood
- lighter-colored wood near the outside of a tree trunk active in transporting sap; tissue of the secondary xylem system
- tracheid
- a long, thick wall with tapering ends, forming part of the xylem tissue of plants
- lateral meristem
- in plants, a growing region that increases the diameter of roots and stems
- adventitious roots
- specialized roots that grow from stems and leaves
- pith
- the plant tissue located in the center of the stem
- cortex
- located inside the epidermis stores food
- pericycle
- outermost layer or layers of the central vascular tissues
- source
- the place where sugars are made in a plant
- translocation
- a mutation in which a broken piece of chromosomes attaches to a nonhomologous chromosomes movement of organic molecules in plant tissues
- collenchyma
- plant tissue made up of elongated cells with unevenly thickened, flexible walls
- root cap
- a shield covering the apical meristem
- bud scale
- a modified leaf that forms a protective covering for a bud until it opens
- node
- the end of the internode where one or more leaves are attached
- leaflet
- one of the divisions of a blade