Animal Unit
Terms
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- ectodermal
- layer on the outer surfaces, gives rise to integumentary and nervous systems
- endodermal
- layer on the deep inner surfaces; gives rise to reproductive, digestive, urinary, and respiratory systems
- mesodermal
- layer in the middle gives rise to many different systems
- simple squamous
- epithelial tissue that helps with diffusion
- simple cuboidal
- epithelial tissue that helps with secretion and absorption
- simple columnar
- epithelial tissue that helps with secretion and absorption
- advantages to livinig in salt water
-
~provides buoyancy and floats in nutrients while carrying away wastes
~fairly constant temperature - freshwater organisms
- ~require mechanisms to balance salt concentrations inside to outside, so requires specialized structures
- difficulties of terrestrial environment
- dehydration and greater specialization development
- homeostasis
- stabilizes internal environment with external environment using negative or positive feedback mechanisms
- FSH
-
stimulates growth of ovarian follicle and production of sperm in testes
anterior pituitary - LH
-
stimulates ovulation and secretion of sex hormones by ovaries and testes, maintains corpus luteum
anterior pituitary - prolactin
-
induces milk secretions in mammary glands
anterior pituitary - TSH
-
stimulates thyroxin production by thyroid
anterior pituitary - ACTH
-
stimulates adrenal cortex to produce cortisone hormones
anterior pituitary - STH
-
stimulates growth
anterior pituitary - ADH
-
stimulates increased water reabsorption by kidneys and constriction of blood vessels
posterior pituitary - oxytocin
-
stimulates uterine contractions and release of milk by mammary glands
posterior pituitary - thyroxin
-
controls oxidative metabolism
thyroid - calcitonin
-
regulates calcium and phosphate blood levels
thyroid - cortisones
-
regulate water reabsorption, electrolyte balance, protein and carbohydrate metabolism
adrenal cortex - insulin
-
stimulates glucose transport to cells
pancreas - glucagon
-
converts glycogen into glucose
pancreas - estrogen
-
stimulates development of female secondary sexual characteristics and buildup of uterus
ovaries - progesterone
-
stimulates female secondary sexual characteristics; maintains pregnancy
ovaries - testosterone
- stimulates male secondary sex characteristics
- parathormone
-
controls reabsorption of calcium and phosphate from blood, stimulates release of calcium from bone
parathyroid - thymosin
-
stimulates immunological response in lymphoid tissues
thymus - melatonin
-
stimulates development of melanophores in vertebrates, maintains seasonal reproductive cycles
pineal gland