Animal and Dairy Science Final Exam
Terms
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- young male bovine
- bull
- genus and species for beef cattle without Zebu influence
- Bos indicus
- normal expected reproductive % for range flock ovine
- 120
- gamete production in male
- spermatogenesis
- number of functional sex cells produced by a germ cell in oogenesis
- 1
- young female equine
- filly
- average bovine birth weight
- 80 lbs
- normal calving interval
- 12 months
- standard for reporting the weaning age for beef cattle
- 205 days
- if two homozygous individuals are mated, the expected geno- and phenotypic ratios of the offspring will be:
- the same
- the most common form of mating a male and female that are closely related
- inbreeding
- phenotype = _____ + _____
- genotype, environment
- the process of ovum production by the female
- oogenesis
- how likely is it that two individual animals of the same breed are closely related that come from two different herds 250 miles apart that are owned by two different producers?
- very unlikely
- gene interaction where a gene masks the expression of another gene
- epistasis
- T/F: Much less genetic progress can be made from total selection within a group of animals as opposed to obtaining some animals from outside and incorporating their genetics.
- true
- cellular regeneration of sex cells
- meiosis
- condition of allelic interaction where heterozygous genes are superior to either homozygote
- over dominance
- loin eye area would be classified as a _____ trait
- quantitative
- T/F: all species of animals have a different number of chromosome pairs in each cell
- true
- method of culling that selects for more than one trait simultaneously and is most commonly used
- independent culling
- What do you do to your selection intensity of your animals as replacements in a herd to make more genetic progress?
- increase it
- Which species could make the most genetic improvement over a lifetime?
- poultry
- a cross breeding program in which all animals produced are predetermined to be sold
- terminal crossing
- What criteria is used most commonly in the selection process for breeding animals?
- phenotype
- ____ is the fraction of the differences among animals for a particular trait that is transmitted to the offspring
- heritability
- ADG is a trait that is effected most by what type of influence?
- genetic influence
- Litter size in hogs is affected most by what type of influence?
- environmental
- condition in which a gene may have influence on more than one trait
- pleiotrophy
- environmental influence that is the root cause of most phenotypic differences
- nutrition
- condition in which one testicle is retained
- monorchidism
- traits that are influenced by many pairs of genes
- quantitative
- parent that determines the sex of offspring in every species except for birds
- male
- most accurate method of evaluating animals for breeding stock, but takes a long time and lots of animals
- progeny test
- form of animal mating that is used to increase the inheritance from one or more outstanding ancestors in a pedigree
- linebreeding
- common type of mating system that results in the greatest amount of heterosis
- crossbreeding
- outbreeding program in which crossbred females are bred to a male of a third breed
- rotational cross
- Should emphasis be on merit or uniformity in genetic improvement?
- merit
- # of sperm produced in spermatogenesis
- 4
- a fertilized egg
- zygote
- genes are both dominant
- homozygous dominant
- genes are both recessive
- homozygous recessive
- one recessive and one dominant gene
- heterozygous
- passed from parent to offspring to determine the various traits and characteristics of the progeny
- genes
- condition in which offspring are superior to parents
- heterosis
- through fertilization, chromosome numbers become ____
- diploid
- number of chromosomes possessed by each egg and sperm cell, regardless of the species
- haploid
- animal species with the most chromosome pairs
- turkeys
- mating unrelated animals of the same breed
- outcrossing
- continually mating animals that are not related will increase ____
- heterozygosity
- animals that are eligible for registry in their breed associations
- purebreeds
- category of livestock production that most producers fit
- commercial