Midterms SS
Terms
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- "Information is the currency of Democracy." - Thomas Jefferson
- Thomas Jefferson- Philosopher president, writer of Declaration of Independence; Democracy needs the people to be informed to function, Democracy is Greeks trying to be Utopian and to reach Utopia must have knowledge of the world, Information is used to gain power, Democracy allows information to be shared
- Why Government?
- people fought when they got together, need a way to have some control, rules, laws and guidlines to stop chaos
- "Ignorance, the root and stem of every evil." - Plato
- if you do not know the way things affect every person, because you are not aware of the true situation than you will do evil to someone, Allegory of the Cave (we only see the good and fake shadowswhen we see the light we know the reality of the world)people dont want to believe in the wrong doings of others
- Garrett's sons
- Calem Rye
- Top Religions
- Hinduism(900 mil), Judism, Christianity(1.4 bil), Budhism, Islam(1.2 bil), Sikhism
- social studies
- history current events people geography demography
- Why Socrates was sentenced to death
- for corrupting the youth of Athens for not believing in the Gods...tried to learn about the world, reached the light outside of the cave and killed for it out of FEAR he was sentenced to death
- Philosophers: who taught who?
- Socrates ---> Plato ---> Aristotle ---> Alexander the Great
- "No tot know what has been transacted in former times is to be always a child. If no use is made of the labors of past ages, the world must remain always in the infancy of knowledge." Cierco (Roman Philosopher)
- without learning from our mistakes we will repeat them, cannot learn without the past, knowledge is gained by other work and suffering, ignorant without the past, if you don't relate the past and present you wont gain understanding of issues, use what others have learned
- Why Cities?
- people vored of farm life, less work to do when in a bigger group, Specialized workers allows you to follow your passion, people like companionship, easier to get a range of supplies through trade.
- Monarchy (traditional, constitutional)
- the absolute rule by a king or queen that is passed down to members of the family, constitutional - limits the moarch's power, democratic
- Pax Romana
- Roman Peace, built on augustus being able to choose competent officers, allow religious freedom and equality, got citizens involved in gthe government, restored Roman buildings and land, provided smooth transitions; good and strong leaders needed for peace;
- Plato
- started the first university The Academy, considered to be the most influential on Western thought, wrote Allegory of the Cave
- Athens compared to Rome
- all citizens should be involved in government, architecture, philosophy from Socrates, phycially strong, centers of trade, welcome to new ideas
- Aristocracy
- a system in which a few of the rich people rule, the right to rule is passed down in the family
- Hummurabi Facts
- 1792BCE 43 year rein, niggest empire of the time, convinced God wanted him as king, King of Justice, wiped out debts, praying for Shamash, powergul court system, 7.5' stone wall with laws
- Communism
- The government owns all property and businesses. It provides healthcare, education and welfare. NO ECONOMIC CHOICES
- Abraham
- born in city of Ur 1800BCE, father of all monotheistic religions, promised land of canaan
- "...to bring about the rule of righteousness in the land, to destroy the wicked and the evil-doers; so that the strong should not harm the weak,..." - King Hummurabi
- idk?? abc 123
- ME modern conflict LEAF
- L. The ME is a very complicated region of the world. E. Sunnis and Shiites may be fihgtin in Iraq, but they are peaceful in Lebanon. A. The differences in the Islamic religion are unpredictable depending on the region. F. These conlficts make the ME difficult to understand.
- Democracy
- Eligible voters may elect government leaders, everyone has a say in the government
- Legacy of Alexander the Great
- Philosopher King, Greek culture spread through Rome, Greek is universal language of culture (science latin), text preserved by the Arabs transmitted to Western Europe, affected the developement of Christianity, cities stablished were centers of Greek culture
- Socrates
- questioned everything, taught in the street, all students welcome, didn't accept money, wrote NOTHING DOWN
- Hummurabi's laws
- fines, eye for an eye, if accused of murder, but no evidence against you, the accuser is killed
- 2 forms of Islam
- Sunni Shiite
- Theocracy
- Ruling is based on religious beliefs or on an all powerful being (God)
- Plutocracy
- only the wealthy and priveleged have a voice in the government. This applies to the economy, religion, and family rule
- Hummurabi Law LEAF
- L. The law cide that Hummurabi created allowed Babylonian economy to grow. E. Law 209 punished carpenters who built inferioe houses by putting them to death. A. This execution of the carpenter insures that all buildings in Babylon are built well. This encourages people and businesses to move there. The law code allowed the city to prosper due to a low crime rate and a thriving economy.
- "An unexamined life is not worth living." - Socrates
- should think of your greater purpose, Athenians thought knowledge should be shared
- Spartan
- marked by simplicity, frugality (cheap), or avoidanse of luxury and comfort
- "It has been said that Democracy is the worst form of government except all the others that have been tried." - Winston Churchill
- Winston Churchill- prime minister of Great Britain during WW2 Democracy - not efficient, everyone must come to a decision, slow moving progress; fair, equality,Athenian idea of perfect government, doesnt allow people to be supressed, rights to all citizens
- Totalitarianism
- Stalin, Hitler; Ruled by a single political party. People are forced to do what the government wants. People may be prevented from leaving the country
- Socialism
- The government owns many big businesses and provides education, healthcare and welfare. SOME economic choices are allowed to citizens
- "I found Rome a city of brick and left it a city of marble." Emperor Augustus
- land disoreinted after death of caesar, civil war for many years, augustus took control and brought back peace and properity, peace for 200 years, put thousands of people to work, unifies Rome, stopped 13 year civil war
- Dictatorship
- El Jefe; A country ruled by a single leader. This leader is not elected and may keep control by force. In a military dictatorship the army is in control. Little or no attention to public opinions or rights
- "All roads lead to Rome."
- literal- roads built to and from Rome, center of trade, for military at first; Symbolic- connections to Rome and Western Philosophy
- "Let no man ignorant of geometry enter." - Plato (sign over the door of the Academy)
- Geometry is logical thinking and problem solving; Athens had power gain by having knowledge, wanted to expand knowledge, geometry is basis of learning, needed to look at things differently. Today technology can do the work for us not as much problem solving
- Alexander the Great
- Spread Greek culture through the middle east to India, Built libraries everywhere he went, named cities after him (Alexandria), brought Persians and Greeks together
- Fall of Athens
- War with Sparta, the plague, death of Pericles, Socrates sentenced to death
- What would Plato say about the Colesium?
- not like it, it is a form of entertainment, blinds people from the truths of the world, The shadows on the cave wall tha twe want to believe are true but are just a distraction from the problems of the Empire
- Israelites
- wrote down history, in land of Canaan(from Egypt, slaves), 12 tribes, brouhgt to Babylon 587BCE, bible in hebrew(affected by Babylonians)
- "Who controls the past controls the future. Who controls the present controls the past." - George Orwell
- George Orwell- warned of totaltitarianism, wrote 1984 and ANIMAL FARM People use the history as examples of how to do things and whoever says what is seen from history will influence the future. Dictators can control what people see oif the history, take people out of pictures and writing completely. Dictators control the present with forces and fear
- Oligarchy
- a group of people that are either elected or born into poer. Usually the rich rule and the poor suffer, but women are treated well if they have powerful families
- writing, wheel, and plow invented
- from 3800BCE-3100BCE all in Sumer, Mesopotamia (modern Iraq in fertile cresent)
- Mesopotamian form of writing
- Cuneiform
- Roman Roads
- everyone could share supplies, 55,000miles of roads, communication, soldiers,
- Hummurabi's possible court cases
- divorce, property arguements, duties to King, criminal acts (theft and assault)
- Aristotle
- Philosophy, Impact on science
- philosophy (wisdom)
- love of wisdom wisdom - knowledge with experience
- 5 Key Traits of Civilization
- cities/trade, specialized workers, complex institutions(law), writing, advanced tools
- "Having knowledge but lacking the power to express it clearly is no better than never having any ideas." - Pericles (Athenian Leader)
- Greek government let everyone express their ideas and knowledge, The allegory of the cave (knowledge is no good unless shared with others), knowledge must be spread and gained for progress