Chapter 1-15 Ablative uses with macrons from "Learn to Read Latin" by
Terms
undefined, object
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Ablative of Accompaniment
page 17 -
requires preposition
cum + abl.
"with, accompanied by" -
Ablative of Cause
page 110 -
no preposition
expresses the cause or reason for a quality or verbal action
"because of" -
Ablative of Comparison
page 280 -
no preposition
When someone or something is compared to what is viewed as the "absolute standard" of a particular quality, the Ablative of Comparison is used instead of quam and the same case. -
Ablative of Degree of Difference
page 280 -
no preposition
A noun, or more commonly, a neuter singular substantive in the ablative case is used to indicate "the degree" or "amount" by which persons or things being compared differ. -
Ablative of Description
page 229 -
no preposition
When a noun in the ablative case modified by an adjective is used to describe another noun. -
Ablative of Time When
page 159 -
no preposition
Used to express "the point in time when" the action of a verb occurs.
"at____" [or] "on____" -
Ablative of Manner
page 58 -
no prepostion
expresses the way or manner in which an action is performed
When a noun functioning as an ablative of manner is not modified by an adjective, the prepostion cum + abl. must be used. When a noun is modified by an adjective, cum + abl. is optional. -
Ablative of Means/Instrument
page 17 -
no preposition
"by means of"
"the instrument by means of" which" -
Ablative of Origin
page 229 -
(a variety of Ablative of Separation)
with or without preposition
Ä“/ex + abl. = (out) from
dē + abl. = (down) from
reports parentage or ancestry -
Ablative of Personal Agent
page 57 -
requires preposition
ā/ab + abl. = by
agent or person by whom the action of the verb is done -
Ablative of Place From Which
page 111 -
with or without preposition
Ä/ab + abl. = (away) from
Ä“/ex + abl. = (out) from
dē + abl. = (down) from
the prepositions are omitted with names of cities, towns, and small islands, and the nouns domus and rūs. -
Ablative of Place Where
page 111 -
requires preposition
expresses idea of location
in + abl. = in, on
sub + abl. =
under; at the foot of; near
prō + abl. =
in front of; on behalf of, for; in return for, instead of
(in used with most frequency) -
Ablative of Time Within Which
page 159 -
no prepostion
Used to express "limited period of time within which" the action of a verb occurs.
"within____" [or] "in____" -
Ablative of Price
page 377 -
no prepostion
Used with verbs of "buying, selling, valuing, and exchanging"
"the price at which" something is bought or sold -
Ablative of Respect
page 76 -
no preposition
used to "limit" or "further specify" the meaning of an adjective or verb.
"with/in respect to"
Meā sententiā = in my opinion, with respect to my opinion -
Ablative of Separation
page 110 -
most often with no preposition
with prepostion:
Ä/ab + abl. = (away) from
Ä“/ex + abl. = (out) from
dē + abl. = (down) from
sine + abl. = without
apart from someone or something -
Absolute Ablative
page 226 -
no preposition
ablative that is "accompanied by a circumstantial participle and unconnected in syntax" with the rest of the sentence.
(absolūtus = having been freed from) -
Supine as Ablative of Respect
page 478 -
no preposition
The ablative supine is an Ablative of Respect. -
Ablative replacing Dative of Agent with passive periphrastic
page 228 -
no preposition
A noun in the dative case is usually used with a passive periphrastic to express the "agent" or "person by whom" the action of the verb must be done. -
Locative Case
page 111 -
Used for the names of cities, towns, and small islands, and the nouns domus and rūs.
Endings sometimes resemble either genitive or ablative endings.
Memorize:
domī = at home
rūrī = in the country
RÅmae = in/at Rome
Athēnīs = in/at Athens
CarthÄginÄ« [or] CarthÄgine =
in/at Carthage