Anna's 7th grade history vocab
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- Henry of Navarne
- The leader of Hugue forces and head of the Bourbon Family.
- Heresy
- A religious belief that contradicts what the church says is true.
- Copernicus
- A polish mathematician, he developed a simpler heliocentric, or sun centered theory of the universe.
- Seminary
- A special school for training and educating priests.
- Reformation
- Movement to reform the Catholic Chruch; led to the creation of Protestantism.
- Mary the 1st
- Henry and Catherines daughter. She became queen in 1553. She had been raised as a catholic and wanted to make England a Catholic Kingdom again. She arrested protestants who opposed her. She burned 300 people at the stake. "Bloody Mary" She only ruled for 5 years.
- dipolmacy
- the art of negotiating, or making deals with other countries.
- seperation of powers
- Power should be equally divided among the branches of government. Executive, legislative, and judicial.
- Flanders
- a region that is in Belgium today. These are oils that let artists paint intricate details and surface textures.
- Navarne
- A kingdom in Southern France, which the Bourbons ruled.
- theology
- The study of questions about God.
- Annul
- To cancel
- Martin Luther
- Challenged the Roman Catholic Church. Created Lutheranism. He fought that the Pope couldn't choose what people had to do to get to heaven. After fighting for a while it lead to the creation of new churches in Western Churches.
- Florence, Venice
- one of the important cities of the renaissance
- John Calvin
- studied theology;
- Henry the 8th
- Stubborn, impatient, and cruel. He married 6 queens, divorced 2, and beheaded 2 more. He imprisoned bishops and nobles in the toner of London for disagreeing with him. They were eventually beheaded.
- Theory
- An explanation of how or why something happens.
- Indulgence
- pardon from the Church for a persons sins.
- Denomination
- an organized branch of Christianity.
- Absolutism
- System of rule in which monarchs held total power and claimed to rule by the will of God.
- social contract
- an agreement between rulers and the people
- Trent
- A city near Rome that held church council meetings for 20 years.
- Humanism
- Renaissance movement based on the values of the ancient Greeks and Romans, such as that individuals and human society were important.
- Geneva
- A protestant city. John Calvin found safety here.
- secular
- interested in worldly rather than religious matters.
- Diderot
- Did the most to spread enlightment ideas. Published a 28-volume encyclopedia. The articles became a weapon against traditional ways and attacked superstition and supported freedom of religion.
- Ptolemy
- Stated that the sun and the planets moved around the earth in circular paths.
- Hypothesis
- Explanation of the facts.
- Rousseau
- Believed human nature is basically good. Thought people should pay more attention to their feelings. Thought gov't should be based on a social contract. Said " Man is born free and everywhere else is in chains." He wrote the social contract.
- Rationalism
- The belief that reason is the chief source of knoweledge.
- Voltaire
- Disliked the Catholic Church because he thought people should be free to choose their own beliefs. Supported Deism. Said, " I do not agree with a word you say but i will defend to the death your right to say it." Thought monarchs should study the science of gov't and protected the basic rights of the people.
- Natural Law
- A law that applies to everyone and could be understood by reason.
- Shakespeare
- Wrote tragedies, comedies, and historical plays.
- John Locke
- Thought that people were basically reasonable and would cooperate with one another. Believed citizens had rights and that if rulers broke those rights the ruler should lose power. Said " People have the right to life, liberty, and property." Felt the government was responsible for protecting these rights but that government power should be limited.
- Desiderius Erasmus
- Wrote that human beings could use their reason to become better Christians and thereby improve the Church.
- Paris
- The capital of France.
- Medici
- The richest family and are bankers.
- Austria and Prussia
- Became great European powers
- Monesquieu
- Believed in the seperation of power among the 3 branches of gov't: legislative, executive, and judicial. Thought that there should be a system of checks and balances so that no branch of gov't could dominate another.
- London
- The capital of the U.K. on the Thomas River, in Southeastern England.
- Deism
- Religious belief based on reason.
- Vernacular
- The everday language used in a country or religion.
- Dante Alighieri
- A poet of Florence, wrote a famous poem in vernacular, it is called the Divine Comedy. When he was young he was active in politics, but when the noble families began fighting over power, he had to leave Florence. That is when he wrote the Divine Comedy. It was over 14,000 lines, the poem is about a mans journey from hell to heaven. His punishments for sin were vividly described.
- Predestination
- belief that no matter what a person does, the outcome of his or her life is already planned.
- Scientific Method
- An orderly way of collecting and analyzing evidence.
- Elizabeth the 1st
- Mary's half sister. She was a protestant. She restored the Anglican Church and went on to become one of the greatest rulers in English History.
- Thomas Hobbes
- Was convinced that if people were left alone without government they would constantly fight among themselves. Thought people should give up their freedoms to a ruler who guarenteed peace and order. He thought that an absolute government was the best because people are selfish and violent.
- Ignatius of Loyola
- A man who founded the Jesuites. He was a daring soldier, but his life changed when he was wounded.
- Niccolo Machiavelli
- A diplomat in Florence, he wrote "The Prince" in 1513. He claimed that people were greedy and self centered, he also said rulers should try to be good.
- Renaissance
- "rebirth"
- Johannes Gutenberg
- Developed a type of printing press that used moveable metal type. This type of printing made it easier to print books much more quickly.Since more books were available more people learned to read. He printed a bible in the 1450's.
- Wittenberg
- Luther taught at a university here.
- Marco Polo
- a merchant from the city of venice; he wrote a book, went on a journey to china with his father, he was sent by Khan's court, emperor on buisiness all over China.