History Ancient civilizations

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Zama: the battle in 202 BC in which Scipio decisively defeated Hannibal at the end of the second Punic War
Aristagoras: fell from favor with persians, started revolt.
Chora: land outside city walls in Greek city-states
caste system: a social structure in which classes are determined by heredity
Homo erectus: "Upright human beings"
mycenaeans: citizens of Mycenae
cleopatra: She was an egyptian queen who had an affair with Marc Antony. She commits suicie with Marc Antony because Marc was defeated at Actium and Augustus was after them.
cuneiform: an ancient wedge-shaped script used in Mesopotamia and Persia
etruscans: Beginning in the 700s BCE,first rulers of Roman Republic and Empire; Laid the foundation for Rome and Roman civilization
pastoral nomad: a person who domesticaes animals for food and clothing and moves alon regular migratory routes to provide a steady source of nourishment for these animals
Assyrian empire: this empire covered much of what is now mesopotamia, syria, palestine, egypt, and anatolia; its height was during the seventh and eigth centuries BCE
Thermopylae: Battle of the 300, hot gates, where Leonidas led 300 Spartans against the entire Persian army
Statutory law: the body of laws created by legislative statutes
Neolithic revolution: the shift from hunting of animals and gathering of food to the keeping of animals and the growing of food on a regular basis around 8,000 BC
Tribune: Official given veto power over plebeian legislature
Scipio: Roman general who commanded the invasion of Carthage in the second Punic War and defeated Hannibal at Zama (circa 237-183 BC)
Augustus caesar: (27-14 B.C.) aka Octavian - he fought his was to power by eliminating his triumvirate Marcus Lepidus and Marc Antony to rule by himself. Antony married Cleopatra and he was going to war against them but they killed themselves before he could. He then became Rome's first emperor. While he was in power he rebuilt Rome, and was big on the arts. To feed Rome he got grain sent from Africa. For travel the old roads were fixed and new one was built in other areas. He made it so the emperor had complete power and new tax collectors were set up. In his time Pax Romano started because Rome lived in Peace for a couple hundred years. He was a good emperor but went about getting to power in the wrong way.
philip v: king of ancient Macedonia whose confrontations with the Romans led to his defeat and his loss of control over Greece
julius caesar: conqueror of Gaul and master of Italy (100-44 BC)
Mark antony: general and ally of Caesar, divided the Roman world with Octavian, committed suicide with Cleopatra
Xerxes: King of the Persian Army who was defeated by the Greeks in 480 B.C.
sargon: most powerful akkadian king
Linear a: an undeciphered writing system used in Crete in the 17th century B.C.
Mandate of heaven: VOCABULARY: An early Chinese text that calls Heaven's order to claim rule over China. Lesson 3
Pericles: Athenian statesman whose leadership contributed to Athen's political and cultural supremacy in Greece
First amendment: an amendment to the Constitution of the United States guaranteeing the right of free expression
pompey: Roman general and statesman who quarrelled with Caesar and fled to Egypt where he was murdered (106-48 BC)
Filial piety: VOCABULARY: An idea of Conficius that parents should be treated with the greatest respect. Lesson 3
King solomon: ruled iraelites and known for his widom, and built the temple in Jerusalem
Roman assembly: The system by which laws were made by direct democracy
Confucius: Chinese philosopher, administrator, and moralist. His social and moral teachings, collected in the Analects , tried to replace former religious observances
Darius: the great king of persia. he was able to become king after a year of a civil war following the death of someone.
catal huyuk: an Neolithic villiage in present day Turkey
Pax romana: 200 year period of peace in Rome.
Saguntum: the Spanish town that surrendered to Rome and was squashed by Hannibal
Phillip II: King of Macedonia; father of Alexander the Great.
Herodotus: the ancient Greek known as the father of history
nirvana: (Hinduism and Buddhism) the beatitude that transcends the cycle of reincarnation
Phoenicians: Semitic-speaking Canaanites living on the coast of modern Lebanon and Syria in the first millennium B.C.E. From major cities such as Tyre and Sidon, Phoenician merchants and sailors explored the Mediterranean, and engaged in widespread commerce. (103)
dharma: duties of males of each class
The battle of marathon: battle where Greece was very outnumbered but still came out on top because of their phalanx formation; Pheidippides brings the news by running 26 miles to Athens
Acropolis: At the center of the city of Athens, the most famous example of a citadel
Maximus q fabius: Roman dictator who decided that the best strategy was to avoid a direct conflict with hannibal
Ionia: region of western Asia Minor colonized by Ancient Greeks
karma: (Hinduism and Buddhism) the effects of a person's actions that determine his destiny in his next incarnation
vizier: A government official that worked for the pharaoh
Menes: king of upper egypt united the two kingdoms of upper and lower egypt
Cyrus: Persian prince who was defeated in battle by his brother Artaxerxes II (424-401 BC)
Hadrian: The Roman Empire in AD 117-138. He ordered the construction of this wall. He traveled though his empire to strengthen it's frontiers and encourage learning and architecture.
precedent: (civil law) a law established by following earlier judicial decisions
Mare nostrum: (our sea) the Mediterranean to the ancient Romans
common law: (civil law) a law established by following earlier judicial decisions
minoans: Prosperous civilization located on the Aegean Island of Crete in the 2nd millenium. Executed powerful cultural influences on the early Greeks.
Consul: one of two cheif leaders in the roman republic
Minotaur: (Greek mythology) a mythical monster with the head of a bull and the body of a man
Cannae: Where did the Romans suffer a serious defeat against Hannibal?
Sir arthur Evans: Discovered the Palace of Minos at Knossos in Crete
Phoenicians: "carriers of civilization"; located on eastern Mediterranean coast; invented the alphabet which used sounds rather than symbols like cuneiform
delian league: was formed to protect against threats from persia (after the persian war)
hieratic script: simplified version of hieroglyphics used in ancient Egpyt for business transactions, record keeping, and the general needs for daily life
Systematic agriculture: the keepinig of animals and the growing of food on a regular basis
Cato: Who was the Roman senator who always finished his speeches with "and carthage must be destroyed)
Marcus Lepidus: Member of the 2nd triumvirat, who after attempting to steal Octavian's land had to ive up his own as punishment.
Silk road: an ancient trade route between China and the Mediterranean (4,000 miles)
Cyrus: King of Persians; expanded the Persian Empire from Afghanistan to the Aegean Sea
hominids: humans and other creatures that walk upright
Law of 12 tables: The first Roman law to apply equally to all citizens
Pompeii: ancient city southeast of Naples that was buried by a volcanic eruption from Vesuvius
knossos: an ancient town on Crete where Bronze Age culture flourished from about 2000 BC to 1400 BC
homer: ancient Greek epic poet who is believed to have written the Iliad and the Odyssey (circa 850 BC)
Bull dancing: A ritual performed by the Minoans
Hellenic league: The league formed with sparta basically against athens
Alcibiades: ancient Athenian statesman and general in the Peloponnesian War (circa 450-404 BC)
raja: a Hindu prince or king in India
Representative democracy: A system of government in which citizens elect representatives, or leaders, to make decisions about the laws for all the people.
Tyrant: a cruel and oppressive dictator
Homo sapiens: "wise human beings"
legalism: Philosophy founded by "Hanfeizi" teaching that human nature was basically evil, requiring strict laws and harsh punishments. Adopted by the brief, Chin Dynasty
bureaucracy: Government by departments of men transacting particular branches of public business.
Paleolithic age: second part of the Stone Age beginning about 750,00 to 500,000 years BC and lasting until the end of the last ice age about 8,500 years BC
marcus brutus: Leads in the assassination of Julius Caesar.
King minos: King of the Minoans
Hubris: overbearing pride or presumption
akkadians: "Semitic people" north of the Sumerian city-states
censorate: part of the Chinese bureaucracy that made sure government officials were doing their jobs
ziggurat: a temple tower of the ancient Assyrians and Babylonians, having the form of a terraced pyramid of successively receding stories
code of hammurabi: the first written code of laws, developed in Babylonia about 2000 BC.
Satrapy: one of the 20 provinces in which Darius divided the Persian Empire
Sanskrit: the most important language of ancient India
salamis: naval battle where the Greek forces defeated the Persians, shortly after the battle at Thermopylae
Cimon: An Athenian statesman and a major political figure of the 470s and 460s BC in the ancient city-state of Athens.
Superbus: The last Etruscan king, overthrown by the Roman people
Alexander: King of Macedonia in northern Greece. Between 334 and 323 B.C.E. he conquered the Persian Empire, reached the Indus Valley, founded many Greek-style cities, and spread Greek culture across the Middle East. Later known as Alexander the Great. (p. 136)
Dao: THE PROPER WAY CHINESE KINGS WERE EXPECTED TO RULE UNDER THE MANDATE OF HEAVEN
delos: first site of the treasury for the Delian League; city from which the Delian League gets its name
Crassus: General who defeated Spartacus. Crucified 6,600 slaves on the Alpennine way. He later served in the First Triumvirate.

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Number of cards 96