Ancient Greece
Terms
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- Sparta
- Powerful city in Ancient Greece that was run like a military state. It competed with Athens for dominance
- Aristocracy
- A government where the power is held by a group of landholding elite
- Aristotle
- Replaced Plato at the Academy after his death. He was the personal teacher of the young Alexander the Great.
- Philosopher
- A person who seeks to understand and explain the nature of things around them.
- Phalanx
- A massive formation of heavily armed foot soldiers.
- Socrates
- Devoted himself to discussion with the aristocratic young citizens of Athens, qestioning the truth of popular opinions. Charged with corrupting the youth of Athens they sentenced him to death in 399 B.C.E. Accepting this outcome, Socrates drank hemlock and died
- Marathon
- Site of the famous battle fought between the armies of Persia and the outnumbered Athenians. Athens was victorious and a messenger was sent to run the 26 miles back to the city with the news.
- Democracy
- This form of government was adapted by the United States and originated from the Ancient Greeks.
- Rhetoric
- The art of skillful speaking
- Pericles
- Athenian statesman. He was the central ruler of Athens during its golden age. He was the central patron behind many of their achievements. He was also a very skilled speaker.
- Athens
- Powerful city in Ancient Greece that was a leader in arts, sciences, philosophy, democracy and architecture.
- Homer
- Blind bard poet. Author of "The Iliad" and "The Odyssey"
- Persian Empire
- Dominated the Middle East and Southern Asia, it was the enemy of the Greeks
- Strait
- A narrow water passage
- Monarchy
- When a king or a queen runs the government.
- Acropolis
- The highest point of a city
- Legislature
- A lawmaking body.
- Polis
- The Greek version of a city state
- Alexander the Great
- (356 BCE-323 BCE) He conquered most of the ancient world from Asia Minor to Egypt and India
- Hellenistic culture
- A blending of Greek, Persian, Indian, and Egyptian influences.
- Tyrant
- A person who gains and keeps power by force
- Plato
- Student of Socrates.When the master died, Plato travelled to Egypt and Italy. Eventually, he returned to Athens and established his own school of philosophy at the Academy.
- Direct Democracy
- When citizens vote directly on laws instead of having representatives