Chapter 5 Set 2
Terms
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- Persian Wars
- Conflicts between Greek city-states and the Persian Empire, ranging from the Ionian Revolt (499-494 B.C.E.) through Darius's punitive expedition that failed at Marathon. Chronicled by Herodotus. (131)
- Direct Democracy
- A form of government in which all citizens participate directly rather than through elected representitives
- Delian League
- Pact joined in by Athenians and other Greeks to continue the war with Persia
- Pedagogue
- in ancient Greece, a male slave who taught a young boy manners
- Spartan Government
- consisted of two kings who controlled (one king dealt with the military while the other took care of matters at home), a Council of Elders, and an assembly
- Ethics
- The system of moral principles and rules that becomes standards for professional conduct
- Sparta
- Powerful Greek city-state that was a long time rival of Athens
- Athens
- A powerful Greek city-state that was a long time rival of Sparta
- Helots
- Slaves to the Spartans that revolted and nearly destroyed Sparta in 650 B.C.E.
- Ephors
- a group of 5 officials that helped govern Sparta with the Concil of Elders
- Pericles
- Athenian leader. Built Parthenon and other buildings on the Acropolis.
- Peisistratus
- a tyrant over Athens that improved the economy but clashed with the nobles around 546B.C-527B.C
- Terracing
- carving small, flat plots of land from hillsides to use for farming
- Xerxes
- Persian leader who invaded Greece
- Battle of Thermopylae
- Battle during the Persian wars in which Spartan troops fought to the death against a much larger Persian force
- Peloponnesian War
- Conflict between Athenian And Spartan Alliances. The war was largely a consequence of Athenian imperialism. Possession of a naval empire allowed Athens to fight a war of attrition. Ultimately, Sparta prevailed because of Athenian errors/Persian $$$ (135)
- Cleisthenes
- Athenians reformer of the late 6th centurybc.; established democratic Council of 500 in Athens
- Representative Democracy
- A system of government in which citizens elect representatives, or leaders, to make decisions about the laws for all the people.
- Sophists
- From the ancient Greek word sophia meaning "wisdom"; originally used to describe teachers of rhetoric, now used for devious or shrewd arguers.
- Results of Peloponnesian War
- Greece was politically unstable and Sparta and Thebes tried to take control but they didnt
- Solon
- Athenian reformer of the 6th century; established laws that eased the burden of debt on farmers, forbade enslavement for debt
- Rhetoric
- The art or study of using language effectively and persuasively.
- Draco
- Athenian lawmaker whose code of laws prescribed death for almost every offense (circa 7th century BC)
- Macedonia
- An ancient kingdom north of Greece, whose ruler Philip II conquered Greece in 338 B.C.