World History II Chapter 5
Central
Terms
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- Protestant Reformation
- name given to the religious reform movement that divided the western Church into Cathoic and Protestant groups
- Edict of Worms
- made Martin Luther an outlaw within the empire; his books were to be burned, etc.; turned turned his relligious movement into a revolution
- secular
- worldly
- Leonardo da Vinci
- Italian painter, sculptor, architect, musician, engineer, and scientist; "Last Supper"
- mercenary
- a soldier who sells his services to the highest bidder
- salvation
- the state of being saved through faith alone or through faith and good works
- Petrarch
- father of the Italian Renaissance humanism
- Chaucer
- English author who wrote the "Canterbury Tales" - story of 29 pilgrims traveling to the tomb of St. Thomas a Becket; helped make English vernacular literature popular
- fresco
- a painting done on fresh, wet plaster with water-based paints
- Desiderius Erasmus
- best known of all Christian humanists; "the philosophy of Christ"; "The Praise of Folly"
- Medici
- Florence; wealthy family who controlled the government from behind the scenes
- Ninety-five Theses
- an attack on abuses in the sale of indulgences; gave rise to separate religious reform movements and to the breakdown of religious unity in Europe
- Dante
- Italian author; "Divine Comedy" - story of a soul's journey to salvation; helped make Italian vernacular literature popular
- indulgence
- a release from all or part of punishment for sin by the Catholic Church, reducing time in purgatory after death
- Johannes Gutenberg
- developed the printing press; Gutenberg Bible - the first European book produced from movable type
- Jan van Eyck
- Flemish painter - first to use oil paint - enabled more colors to be used
- Christian humanism
- a movement that developed in Northern Europe during the Renaissance combining classical learning (humanism) with the goal of reforming the Catholic Church
- annul
- declare invalid
- urban society
- a system in which cities are the center of political, economic and social life
- renaissance
- rebirth; a rebirth of the ancient Greek and ROman worlds from 1350-1550; began in Italy and spread to the rest of Europe
- Michaelangelo
- painter, sculptor, and architect; painiting on the ceiling of the SIstine Chapel in Rome
- Francesco Sforza
- last Visconti ruler of Milan; conquered the city; leader of a band of mercenaries
- humanism
- intellectual movement of the Renaissance based on the study of the humanities which included grammar, rhetoric, poetry, moral philosophy and history
- predestination
- the belief that God has determined in advance who will be saved(the elect) and who will be damned(the reprobate)
- Albrecht Durer
- German painter- learned from the Italians; perspective
- dowry
- a gift of money or property paid at the time of marriage
- Niccolo Machiavelli
- Italian author and statesman who wrote "The Prince" - concerns how to acquire, and keep, political power
- Martin Luther
- German leader of the Protestant Reformation; wrote 95 Theses in Wittenberg