Greece
Terms
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- Helots-
- the serfs of Sparta
- Oligarchy-
- a form of government in which all power is vested in a few persons or in a dominant class or clique; government by the few
- Acropolis
- the fortified height or citadel of an ancient Greek city
- Minoans-
- ancient Cretan culture representing a stage in the development of the Aegean civilization
- Ephors-
- one of a body of five elected magistrates exercising a supervisory power over the kings of Sparta (creepy guys in 300!)
- Monarchy-
- government by a monarch (King)
- Mycenaeans-
- an ancient Greek city in the northeast Peloponnesus that flourished during the Bronze Age as the center of an early civilization
- Phalanx-
- classical Greek infantry customarily fought in columns for shock encounters, head-on against a similarly arrayed enemy
- Tyranny-
- a government in which a single ruler is vested with absolute power
- Cleisthenes-
- tyrant of Sicyon; taken a leading part in the Sacred War
- Herodotus
- the first Greek writer who succeeded in writing a large-scale historical narrative that has survived the passage of time
- Pericles
- the leading statesman of Athens for an unprecedented period and brought it to the height of its political power and its artistic achievement
- Plato
- founded the Academy, one of the great philosophical schools of antiquity. His thought had enormous impact on the development of Western philosophy
- Sparta-
- a city-state in southeast Peloponnesus; it was noted for its militarism
- Minoans
- ancient Cretan culture representing a stage in the development of the Aegean civilization
- Socrates -
- Greek philosopher and logician; an important formative influence on Plato and had a profound effect on ancient philosophy
- Archon-
- one of the nine principal magistrates of ancient Athens
- Delian League-
- a confederacy of ancient Greek states led by Athens and based on the island of Delos
- Aristocracy-
- government by a ruling class
- Polis
- city-state
- Thucydides
- the greatest ancient historian, he is in a real sense the creator of modern historiography
- Hellenistic Age
- -the period between the death of Alexander the Great (323 BC) and the conquest of Egypt by Rome (30 BC)
- Hoplite-
- a heavily armed foot soldier of ancient Greece
- Hellenic Culture-
- the specific artifacts of the ancients as well as the ideas and ideals of democracy, beauty and balance.
- Pisistratus-
- Athenian tyrant remembered for encouraging athletic contests and literary efforts
- Democracy-
- government by the people, exercised either directly or through elected representatives
- Ostracism-
- in Athens and other cities of ancient Greece, the temporary banishment by popular vote of a citizen considered dangerous to the state
- Peloponnesian War-
- the first of these periods of warfare
- Homer-
- the man who, according to legend, wrote the two great epics of Greek history: the Iliad and the Odyssey
- Solon-
- the Greek statesman and poet created an influential code of laws and has been regarded as the founder of Athenian democracy
- Aristotle
- Greek philosopher and scientist; all knowledge of his time into a coherent whole which served as the basis for much of the science and philosophy of Hellenistic and Roman times and even affected medieval science and philosophy
- Alexander the Great
- Emperor; the greatest military commander of the ancient world
- Athens-
- the capital and largest city of Greece; it was at the height of its cultural achievements and imperial power in the fifth century B.C.
- Persian Wars-
- series of wars between Greek states and Persia, particularly two invasions of Greece by Persia
- Dorian-
- Invasions one of a Hellenic people that invaded Greece around 1100 B.C. and remained culturally and linguistically distinct within the Greek world