Science Chapter 4
Test over Chapter 4
Terms
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- astronomy
- study of stars, planets, and all other heavenly bodies
- chromosphere
- sun's atmosphere closest to the sun's surface
- greenhouse effect
- ability of earth's atmosphere to retain heat around the earth
- andromeda galaxy
- most distant object that can be seen by the naked eye
- supernova
- violent explosion of a star
- 93,000,000 million miles
- distant from earth to sun or astronomical unit
- nova
- star that suddenly flares up to many times it original brightness
- planets
- largest heavenly bodies that orbit the sun
- Claudius Ptolemy
- ancient Greek astronomer that is known for his theory of an earth-centered universe
- astronomers
- scientists who study outer space
- period
- the time it takes a comet to complete an orbit around the sun
- core (of sun)
- hot central part of the sun
- Sirius
- brightest star in the night sky
- gravity
- force of attraction that exists between any two objects
- rotation
- earth completes one every 24 hours
- Sir Isaac Newton
- greatest scientific achievement was the discovery of gravity
- galaxy
- star system containing from milions to billions of star
- Nicolaus Copernicus
- Polish astronomer who proposed a sun-centered system, in which the earth and the other planets revolve around the sun
- ellipse
- symetrically shaped oval
- orbit
- to revolve around
- Johannes Kepler
- German astronomer who discovered the three laws of planetary motion
- solar system
- sun and all the heavenly bodies that orbit it
- light year
- unit used to measure great distances; equal to about 5.9 trillion miles
- meteor shower
- brief period when the earth passes through a cluster of meteroids
- solar wind
- faint ''wind'' of high speed particles that stream into space from the sun's corona
- revolution
- 365 days long or earths trip around the sun
- solar eclipse
- earth's moon passes in front of the sun
- spiral, elliptical, and irregular
- three main types of galaxies
- sunspot
- dark patches on the sun's surface caused by the sun's magnetic field
- photosphere
- sun's visible surface
- constellation
- group of stars which seems to outline the shape of a person, an animal, or something else
- Proxima Centauri
- closest star to Earth besides our sun
- friction
- force that resists motion
- Milky Way
- name of our galaxy
- lunar eclipse
- moon passes through the earth's shadow, causing the moon to appear darkened
- ozone layer
- region of atmosphere that filters out harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun