Anatomy Head & Neck
Terms
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- The superior sagittal sinus which contains venous blood lies between these two structures
- Between the meningeal layer and the periosteal layer of the dura mater
- Where is CSF formed and where is it found?
-
By the choroid plexuses of the 4 ventricles
Its found in the subarachnoid (leptomeningeal)space between the pia and arachnoid layers - Where is the 4th ventricle located
- immediately anterior to the cerebellum
- What effects could a pituitary tumor have
- visual symptoms due to pressure on the optic chiasm
- It branches off the maxillary artery, it runs through the foramen spinosum to supply the dura mater (one of the meninges) and the calvaria
- the middle meningeal artery, it runs beneath the pterion. Rupture of the artery may give rise to an epidural hematoma
- explain an epidural (extradural)hemorrhage
- a buildup of blood occurring between the dura mater (the brain's tough outer membrane) and the skull, causing midline shift and compression of the ventricle
- a branch of the external carotid
- middle meningeal artery
- explain subarachnoid bleed
- bleeding into the area between the arachnoid and the pia mater, most commonly follows the rupture of a cerebral aneurysm
- What is craniosynostosis
- premature closure of cranial sutures
- If you are hit on the left side of your head with a bat and suffer an intercranial hemorrhage and fracture on the right side of your head. What is this called?
- Coup-Contrecoup
- Which arteries form the basilar artery
- At the lower border of the pons the two vertebral arteries join together to form the basilar artery
- What is hyphema
- hemorrhage within the anterior chamber of the eyeball, usually pools at the bottom of the chamber
- Differentiate a stroke from Bell's palsy
- you can raise your eyebrow with a stroke
- Le Forte fractures are assoc with this bone
-
maxillary bone
Le Fort I- around the gumline
Le Fort II-central part of face is separated from rest of cranium
Type III- Horizontal, passes through superior-orbital fissure - The anterior cerebral arteries are linked to the posterior cerebral arteries by
- the posterior communicating arteries
- This bone separates the nasal cavity from the brain
- Cribriform plate
- Arteries that make up the Circle of Willis
-
Anterior cerebral
Anterior communicating
Internal carotid
Posterior cerebral
Posterior communicating - What is Tic Douloureux
- trigeminal neuralgia-sensory disorder causing jabbing facial pain
- symptoms of Horner's syndrome
-
ptosis
miosis
enophthalmos
anhidrosis - Where do most nosebleeds originate
- Kiesselbach's plexus
- what is torticollis
- a condition in which the head is tilted toward one side, and the chin is elevated and turned toward the opposite side
- What kind of ear infection suggest tenderness when the tragus and helix are moved and commonly assoc with swimmers
- otitis externa
- where do the common carotid arteries bifurcate into the internal and external carotid arteries
- At approximately the level of the third cervical vertebra
- In which zone of the neck is the cricoid cartilage located
- Zone 2
- In which zone of the neck is the mouth located
- zone 3
- your clavicles are located in the neck zone
- zone 1
- Where is Stensen's duct located and what does it do?
- allows saliva to drain from the parotid gland to the oral cavity around th2 2nd molar
- What is a Cricothyrotomy?
- A cricothyrotomy is usually a last resort surgical procedure in cases of severe choking due to upper airway obstruction when attempts at orotracheal and nasotracheal intubation have failed.
- what could cause a TIA?
- Partial occlusion of he internal carotid
- the external carotid gives rise to which vessels?
- The maxillary and the superficial temporal artery
- Ludwig's angina
- most often streptococci or staphylococci, is a serious, potentially life-threatening infection of the tissues of the floor of the mouth,
- a saddle-shaped depression in the sphenoid bone at the base of the human skull.
- Sella turcica, known as the hypophyseal fossa which holds the pituitary gland.
- The distal part of the malleus is called
- Umbo
- What is Bullous Myringitis
- Middle Ear, Tympanic Membrane, Infections
- what leads to a dilated ipsilateral pupil and contra-lateral hemiparesis
- Transtentorial (uncal) herniation
- Which division consists of the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, corpus striatum and olfactory bulb.
- The telencephalon
- location of the telencephalon
- anterior portion of the brain, rostral to the midbrain
- functions of the telencephalon
-
Determines Intelligence
Determines Personality
Interpretation of Sensory Impulses
Motor function
Planning and Organization
Sense of Smell
Touch Sensation - functions of the mesencephalon
-
Controls Responses to Sight
Eye Movement
Pupil Dilation
Body Movement
Hearing - location of the mesencephalon
- The mesencephalon is the most rostral portion of the brainstem. It is located between the forebrain and brainstem
- The mesencephalon consists of
- the tectum and tegmentum
- function of the prosencephalon
-
Chewing
Directs Sense Impulses Throughout the Body
Equilibrium
Eye Movement, Vision
Facial Sensation
Hearing, Phonation
Intelligence
Memory, Personality
Respiration
Salivation, Swallowing
smell, Taste - location of the prosencephalon
- the most anterior portion of the brain
- The prosencephalon cosists of
- the telencephalon, striatum, diencephalon, lateral ventricle and third ventricle
- Functions of the diencephalon
-
Chewing
Directs Sense Impulses Throughout the Body
Equilibrium
Eye Movement, Vision
Facial Sensation
Hearing
Phonation
Respiration
Salivation, Swallowing
Smell, Taste - location of the diencephalon
- between the cerebral hemispheres and above the midbrain.
- Structures of the diencephalon include
- the thalamus, hypothalamus, the optic tracts, optic chiasma, infundibulum, Ventricle III, mammillary bodies, posterior pituitary gland and the pineal gland.
- functions of the Rhombencephalon
-
Attention and Sleep
Autonomic Functions
Complex Muscle Movement
Conduction Pathway for Nerve tracts
Reflex Movement
Simple Learning - locations of the rhombencephalon
- The rhombencephalon is the inferior portion of the brainstem
- The rhombencephalon is comprised of
- The rhombencephalon is comprised of the metencephalon, the myelencephalon, and the reticular formation
- functions of the basal ganglia
-
Controls Cognition
Movement Coordination
Voluntary Movement - The basal ganglia consists of
- the corpus stratium, subthalamic nucleus and the substantia nigra
- Prosencephalon - Forebrain -consists of
-
Diencephalon
Telencephalon - where is the mesencephalon located?
- Midbrain
- Where is the rhombencephalon located and what are the subdivisions
-
Hindbrain
Metencephalon
Myelencephalon - The functions of the cerebrum
-
Function:
Determines Intelligence
Personality
Interpretation of Sensory Impulses
Motor Function
Planning and Organization
Touch Sensation - the location of the diencephalon
-
Location:
The diencephalon is located between the cerebral hemispheres and above the midbrain - the structures included in the diencephalon
- the thalamus, hypothalamus, the optic tracts, optic chiasma, infundibulum, 3rd Ventricle, mammillary bodies, posterior pituitary gland and the pineal gland.
- a major relay center to the cortex for all sensations (sight/smell, etc) except for smell.
- thalamus
- controls many functions including hunger, thirst, pain, pleasure and the sex drive and regulates the pituitary gland
- Hypothalamus
-
Which part of the brain has these functions:
Alertness
Arousal
Breathing
Blood Pressure
Contains Most of the Crainal Nerves
Digestion
Heart Rate
Other Autonomic Functions
Relays Information Between th - Brainstem
- Name the functions of the brainstem
-
Alertness
Arousal
Breathing
Blood Pressure
Contains Most of the Crainal Nerves
Digestion
Heart Rate
Other Autonomic Functions
Relays Information Between the Peripheral Nerves and Spinal Cord to the Upper Parts of the Brain - the brainstem consist of?
- the midbrain, medulla oblongata, and the pons.
-
which part of the brain has these functions:
Controls Responses to Sight
Eye Movement
Pupil Dilation
Body Movement
Hearing - the midbrain
- name the functions of the midbrain
-
Function:
Controls Responses to Sight
Eye Movement
Pupil Dilation
Body Movement
Hearing - the most rostral portion of the brainstem. It is located between the forebrain and brainstem.
- the mesesncephalon/midbrain
- Structures of the mesencephalon
- consists of the tectum and tegmentum
-
Which part of the brain has theses functions:
Arousal
Assists in Controlling Autonomic Functions
Relays Sensory Information Between the Cerebrum and Cerebellum
Sleep - the pons
- name the functions of the pons
-
Arousal
Assists in Controlling Autonomic Functions
Relays Sensory Information Between the Cerebrum and Cerebellum
Sleep -
which part of the brain controls Autonomic Functions,
Relays Nerve Signals Between the Brain and Spinal Cord - Medulla oblongata
- the function of the medulla oblongata
-
Controls Autonomic Functions
Relays Nerve Signals Between the Brain and Spinal Cord -
which part of the brain controls Fine Movement Coordination
Balance and Equilibrium
Muscle Tone - cerebellum
- name the functions of the cerebellum
-
Controls Fine Movement Coordination
Balance and Equilibrium
Muscle Tone - large collections of nuclei that modify movement on a minute-to-minute basis
- The basal ganglia and cerebellum
- The output of the cerebellum is _______, while the basal ganglia are _______.
- excitatory, inhibitory.
- located inside the temporal lobe, part of the limbic system and plays a part in memory and spatial navigation
-
hippocampus
Affected in:
Alzheimer's disease
Hypoxia
Encephalitis -
symptoms of this include:
blood in the cerebrospinal fluid, complains of headache, photophobia, and have mild meningeal signs, worst headace of my life - subarachnoid hemorrhage
- leads to a dilated ipsilateral pupil and contra- lateral hemiparesis.
- Transtentorial (uncal) herniation, causes compression of third cranial nerve and the cerebral peduncle
-
These can be found in?
Lesion of Cervical Sympathetic Trunk
Ptosis
Miosis
Anhydrosis - Horner’s Syndrome
- how does the eye focus for near vision
- Contraction of ciliary muscle relaxes ligaments -> curvature of the lens increases
- how does the eye focus for far vision
- Relaxation of ciliary muscles tightens ligaments -> lens flattens, less curvature of the lens
- Removal of the parathyroid glands results in?
- tetany; muscle twitches and cramps due to decreased serum calcium levels
- Amygdala
- Involved in aggression and fear
- Hippocampus
- Required for the formation of long-term memories
- Hypothalamus
- regulates blood pressure, heart rate, hunger, thirst, sexual arousal, and the sleep/wake cycle;
- where is the tectum found?
- is the dorsal part of the midbrain
- the tectum is subsivided into the?
- inferior and the superior colliculi.
- is involved in auditory processing
- The inferior colliculus of the tectum which is in the dorsal part of the midbrain (mesencephalon)
- The myelencephalon forms?
- The myelencephalon forms the medulla in the adult brain
- what nerves and structure is found in the myelencephalon (medulla)?
-
a portion of the fourth ventricle,
(CN IX),
(CN X),
(CN XI),
(CN XII),
and a portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII). - The metencephalon is composed of?
- The metencephalon is composed of the pons and the cerebellum
- which nerves arise from the metencephalon (pons)
-
a portion of the fourth ventricle,
(CN V),
(CN VI),
(CN VII),
and a portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII). - In what part of the brain will you find the substantia nigra
- mesencephalon
- what is the function of Wernicke's area on the temporal lobe
- understanding and comprehension of spoken language.
- function of Brocas's area on the temporal lobe
- language comprehension and production