Ch 6 Biology Vocabulary
Terms
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- the capacity to do work, including synthesizing molecules, moving objects, and generating heat and light
- energy
- energy of movement, includes light (movement of photons), heat (movement of molecules), electricity (movement of electrically charged particles), and movement of large objects
- kinetic energy
- stored energy, includes chemical energy stored in the bonds that hold atoms together in molecules, electrical energy stored in a battery, and positional energy stored in a diver poised to spring
- potential energy
- define the basic properties and behavior of energy
- the laws of thermodynamics
- states that, assuming there is no influx of energy, the total amount of energy within a given system remains constant
- the first law of thermodynamics
- states that when energy is converted from one form to another, the amount of useful energy decreases
- the second law of thermodynamics
- tendency toward loss of orderliness and high-level energy and an increase in randomness, disorder, and low-level energy
- entropy
- a process that forms or breaks the chemical bonds that hold atoms together
- chemical reaction
- reaction occurs if the reactants contain more energy than the products
- exergonic
- reaction occurs if the products contain more energy than the reactants
- energonic
- the initial input or "push" to start a chemical reaction
- activation energy
- an exergonic reaction provides the energy needed to drive an endergonic reaction
- coupled reaction
- provides the muscle protein with energy to contract;pick up an energy charge at an exergonic reaction, move to another location within the cell, and release the energy to drive an endergonic reaction
- energy-carrier molecule
- ATP, the most common energy-carrier molecule in cells
- adenosine triphosphate
- ADP
- adenosine diphosphate
- pick up electrons generated by exergonic reactions and hold them in high-energy outer electron shells; The electron is then deposited, energy and all, with another molecule to drive an endergonic reaction, typically the synthesis of ATP
- electron carriers