Exam 3 -musculoskeletal
Terms
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- bursae
- amll disc shaped fluid filled sacs that act as cushions to reduce friction
- goniometer
- instrument used to measure the angle of joints for range of motion
- what instruments do you need to do a musculoskeletal evaluation?
- tape measure to measure the length and circumfrance of the limbs and a goniometer to measure joint range of motion
- what things are being evaluated in a musculoskeletal exam?
- posture, gait, bone structure, muscle function and joint mobility
- the difference in length of one arm to the other arm (or leg to leg) should be?
- less than 1cm
- which spinal curvatures are concave and which are convex?
- the cervical and lumbar are concave and the thoracic and sacral are convex
- what is the average base of support distance and lenth of stride?
- base of support is 2-4 inches, length of stride is 12-14
- what are the two tests that assess corrdination?
- the finger thumb opposition and the heel down the shin thingy
- what might a color change in a joint reflect?
- inflammation or infection. you should also feel them for warmth if you notice a color change
- amphiarthrosis
- limited motion of the vertebrae
- diarthrosis
- limited motion of the synovial joints
- ligament
- bone to bone
- tendon
- muscle to bone
- isometric exercises
- contracting without motion
- isotonic exercises
- contracting with motion (lifting weights)
- isokinetic exercises
- machines at the gyme that control speed of contraction and range of motion
- how much muscle do you loose each week from bed rest or activity intolerance?
- 7-10%
- what are some "unusual" results of immobility?
- glucose intolerance, orthostatic hypotension, urinary tract infections, kidney stones, psychological effects like sleep disturbances, depression or disorientation
- when doing ROM exercises where do you support?
- above and below the joint
- syndactylism
- the fusion of two or more fingers or toes
- achondroplasia
- dwarfism that occurs when the bones harden prematurely
- pagets disease
- metabolic bone diesease in which increased bone loss results in pain and pathological fractures as well as deformities. It affects the skill, vertibrae, pelvis and femur
- if a child is deprived of vitamin D an calcium what can occur?
- bowe legged ness, retarded growth and frequent fractures
- genu varum
- bow leggedness
- osteoarthritis
- the most common type of degenerative joint disease. It effects the articular cartilage of the joints and causes pain, stiffness and crepitus. Symptoms are alleviated by rest
- rheumatoid arthritis
- an autoimmune disorder involving chronic inflammation of the joints and surrounding connective tissue. it cause pain deformity, and loss of function. pt may also have fever, weakness and weight loss. It is most common in the fingers, wrists, elbows, ankles and knees. It does NOT improve with rest, and pain is worst when a person arises from bed.
- ankylosing spondylitis
- inflammatory joint disease that causes stiffness and fusion of the spine. Kyphosis is usually present, and the disease developes in young adults, equally in men and women.
- gout
- imflammatory response to high levels of uric acid. crystals form in the synovial fluid and small white nodules form int eh subQ tissue. it is painful
- after age ___ bone loss beings
- 30
- osteomyelitis
- bone infection
- what is the difference between a sprain and a strain?
- a sprain is a stretch injury to a ligament, a strain is to a muscle.
- cerebrovascular accident
- stroke!
- ankylosis
- fusion of the joints. (think of ankylosing spondylitis!)
- how does immobility affect bone formation?
- it affects the parathyroid function (calcitrol i think??) limits calcuim metabolism and therefore bone formation. This can lead to osteoperosis and kindey stones (due to increased excretion of calcium)
- Virchow's triad
- a trilogy of symptoms (stasis, activation of clotting and vessel injury) that are associate with a greater risk for thrombus formation