Anatomy: Muscles
Terms
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- Skeletal Muscle
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-attached to bone/skin
-single, very long, cylindrical, multinucleate cells with striations. - Cardiac Muscle
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-walls of the heart
-branching chains of cells, uninucleate, striations, intercalated discs. - Smooth Muscle
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-mostly in walls of hollow organs
-single, fusiform, uninucleate, no striations - Direct Phosphorylation of ADP by creatine phosphate
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-found mainly in muscle fibers
-muscles can store up to 5 times more CP than ATP.
-still dies in 15 seconds - Aerobic Respiration
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-95% of ATP comes from this
-uses oxygen
-slow and requires continuous delivery of oxygen and nutrients - Anaerobic Respiration
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-does not use oxygen, uses glycolysis
-produces anaerobic glycolysis when muscle action is too intense for them to keep up - Isotonic contractions
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-"same tone"
-when muscles shorten - Isometric Contraction
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-"same measurement"
-when the muscles do NOT shorten - muscle tone
- -the result of different motor units, which are scattered through the muscle, being stimulated by the nervous system in a systematic way.
- origin and insertion
- origin is the less movable bone and insertion is the bone that actually moves.
- types of body movement
- flexion, extension, rotation, abduction, adduction, circumduction.
- prime mover, antagonists, synergists, and fixators
- prime movers are the muscles that has the major responsibility of movement. synergists help, antagonists oppose, and fixators are perfect helpers.