BS 6.2
Terms
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- Disorientation
- Confusion about time/place/self
- Alogia
- An impoverishment in thinking inferred by observing speech and language behavior (may exhibit "poverty of speech/content")
- Aphasia
- Impairment in understanding/transmission of ideas by language
- Dysarthria
- Imperfect, physical articulation of speech
- Dysprosody
- Loss of nl speech melody/prose
- Echolalia
-
Pathological
Parrot-like, senseless repitiion of words just spoken by another person - Pressured speech
- High volume, fast and difficult to interrupt
- Psychomotor agitation
- Excessive motor activity associated with inner tension (i.e. fidgeting)
- Akathesia
-
Motor restlessness shown by "need to move"
Side-effect of anti-psychotic medications - Ataxia
- Loss of coordination
- Catalepsy
-
"Waxy flexibility"
Rigid maintenance of a body position - Cataplexy
- Sudden, bilateral loss of muscle tone
- Catatonic
- Motor immobility (catalepsy), excessive motor activity, negativism
- Negativism
- Motiveless opposition/resistance to intructions or attempts to be moved
- Conversion Symptom
- An alteration/loss in voluntary motor/sensory functioning
- Dyskinesia
- Disturbance/distortion of movements
- Dystonia
- Disordered tonicity of muscles
- Echopraxia
- Repetition/imitation of another's movements
- Nystagmus
- Involuntary movement of eyes characterized by slow track and fast return
- Retardation
- Slowing movement of movements/speech (often seen in depression)
- Stereotyped Movements
- Repetitive, "driven," non-functional behavior (i.e. head banging)
- Tic
- Involuntary, rapid, recurrent movement or vocalization
- Affect
- Pattern of observable behaviors that is the expression of an emotion.
- Disturbances in Affect
- Blunted, flat, inappropriate, labile and restricted
- Blunted Affect
- Significant Reduction in the intensity or emotional expression (vs. restricted, mild)
- Flat Affect
- Absence/near-absence of affective expression
- Inappropriate Affect
- Discordance between expression and content (i.e. laughing at death)
- Labile
- Rapid, shifts in affective expression
- Restricted
- Mild reduction in the intensity of emotional expression (vs. blunted, significant)
- Mood
- Pervasive and sustained feeling tone - experienced internally and colors perception of world
- Dysphoric Mood
- Unpleasant/uncomfortable feeling tone
- Elevated Mood
- Exaggerated feeling of well-being
- Euthymic Mood
- "Normal mood"
- Expansive Mood
- Lack of restraint in expressing one's feelings
- Irritable Mood
- State where one is easily annoyed and provoked to anger
- Circumstantiality
- Disturbanc in thought/speech where patient DIGRESSES into unnecessary details before ultimately communication the central idea
- Derailment
- Randomly switching topics during speech
- Flight of Ideas
- Continuous flow of fast speech with abrupt changes from topic to topic (but with logical instigations, i.e. play on words)
- Incoherence
- Linguistic disorganization. In essence, an incomprehensible "word salad"
- Neologism
- New word/phrase whose derivation cannot be understood (Bush, anyone?)
- Perseveration
- Persistant repetition of specific words/concepts
- Tangentiality
- In response to question, FAILs to communicate central idea (vs. circumstantiality where you ultimate get it)
- Thought Blocking
- Uncontrolled cessation of thought/speech due to emotional factors
- Delusion
- Fixed, false belief
- Bizarre Delusion
- A person's culture would view this as totally implausible
- Jealou Delusion
- Partner is cheating on them
- Erotomanic Delusion
- Belief that a superior is in love with them
- Grandiose Delusion
- Inflated worth, power, knowledge
- Delusion of Reference
- Delusion that events, objects, or others have a particular and unusual significance
- Persecutory Delusion
- One is being attacked/harassed
- Somatic Delusion
- Pertain's to the functioning of one's body
- Magical Thinking
- One's thoughts/words/actions will cause/prevent a specific outcome in a way that defies common laws of cause and effect
- Mood-congruent psychotic features
- Delusions/hallucinations whose content is CONSISTENT with themes of depressed/manic mood (i.e. nihilism and depression)
- Mood-incongruent pyschotic features
- Delusions are NOT CONSISTENT with themes of depressed/manic mood
- Poverty of content
- Speech conveys little information
- Racing thoughts
- Fast and continuous thought processes. Distracting and impedes concentration.
- Thought broadcasting
- Belief that one's thoughts are being projected to the environment
- Thought insertion
- Belief that thoughts are being implanted into one's mind (by someone/something)
- Thought withdrawal
- Belief that one's thoughts are being removed from one's mind
- Depersonalization
- Alteration in perception of self. As if one is an "outside observer"
- Derealization
- The external world seems strange/unreal
- Hallucinations
- Sensory perception that occurs w/out external stimulation
- Illusion
- Misinterpretation of external stimuli (i.e. optical illusion)
- Macropsia
- False visual perception that objects are larger than they actually are
- Micropsia
- False visual perception that objects are smaller than they actually are (plane in sky?)
- Synesthesia
- Stimulating one sensory system produces a different sensory modality (sound = color)
- Amnesia
- Loss of memory
- Anterograde amnesia
- Loss of memory of following events
- Retrograde amnesia
- Loss of memory of previous events
- Confabulation
- Filling in blanks in memory w/fictitious events (not intentional)
- Pseudodementia
- Exaggerated indifference to surroundings and lack of effort ot remember information or answer questions (commonly seen in the depressed)
- Attention
- Focus in a sustained manner on a particular stimulus or activity
- Distractibility
- Inability to maintian attention
- Stupor
- State of decreased reactivity to stimuli
- Dyssomnia
- Generalized sleep disorder
- Hypersomnia
- Excessive sleepiness
- Insomnia
- Inability to fall/stay asleep or poor sleep quality
- Initial Insomnia
- Difficultly falling asleep
- Middle Insomnia
- Awakening in the middle of the night w/difficult return to sleep
- Terminal Insomnia
- Waking up early and not being able to fall back asleep
- Parasomnia
- Abnormal behavior during sleep (i.e. sleepwalking)
- Gender Identity
- Culturally determined set of attitudes, behaviors, physical attributes associated with masculinity and femininity
- Gender Role
- Public declaration of gender. Image of maleness/femaleness communication to others
- Sexual identity
- Biologically determined sexual state
- Transsexualism
- Unhappiness w/one's own gender and desire to be the opposite sex
- Anxiety
- Apprehensive anticipation of future danger/misfotune accompanied by unpleasurable emotional state and somatic symptoms of tension
- Panic Attacks
- Sudden onset of intense apprehension accompanied by physiological effects (i.e. pounding heart, shortness or breath, etc)
- Phobia
- Persistent, irrational fear
- Ambivalance
- Strong simultaneous CONTRASTING ideas/attitides/feelings about something/someone
- Defense Mechanism
- Unconscious, automatic psychological process that protects the individual from anxiety and from awareness of internal/external stressors, conflicts or drives (may be maladaptive or adaptive)
- Personlity
- Enduring patterns of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about the environment and oneself
- Prodrome
- An early sign of a disorder
- Psychotic
- A gross impairment in reality testing
- Residual Phase
- Phase of illness after remission of the full syndrome
- Sign
- Objective manifestation of a pathological condition
- Stressor, psychological
- Life event/change that may be associated with the onset/exacerbation of a mental disorder
- Symptom
- Subjective manifestation of a pathological condition (reported by the affected individual and NOT the observer)
- Syndrome
- A grouping of signs and syndromes that may suggeset a common, underlying pathogenesis, etc