Pharmacology Notes
Terms
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- Define Pharmacology.
- study of drugs; science concerned with the history, origin, sources, physical and chemical properties, uses and effects of drugs on living organisms
- What are the 5 medical uses of drugs?
- 1. Therapeutic - Antihistamine 2. Diagnostic - IVP Dye 3. Curative - Antibiotic 4. Replacement - Hormones, Vitamins 5. Preventative / Prophylactic - Immunizations
- What are the 3 types of drug names?
- 1. Chemical 2. Generic 3. Trade / Brand Name
- Name the 6 sources of drugs.
- 1. Animal - Fishoil 2. Mineral - vitamin 3. Plant - aloe 4. Synthetic - tylenol 5. Genetically Engineered - hormones 6. Bacteria / Fungi - antibiotics
- Name 11 things found on a drug label.
- 1. Description of tamper resistant feature 2. Product Name 3. List of active ingredients 4. List of inactive ingredients 5. Quantity 6. Name and address of manufacturer, packer or distributer 7. Indications for use 8. Warnings 9. Drug Interactions 10. Expiration date 11. Lot or Batch Code 12. Directions for use
- What are the four most commonly used sections of a PDR?
- 1. pink - brand or generic name 2. blue - classification / category 3. white - product information 4. white - alphabetic arrangement by manufacturers
- What are the four classifications of drugs?
- 1. treat or prevent 2. principal action on the body 3. specific body systems / organs 4. preparation (liquid)
- What are the four principal actions of drugs?
- 1. Local Action - drug acts on the area to which it is administered 2. Remote Action - drug affects a part of the body that is distant from the site of administration 3. Systemic Action - drug is carrie dvia the blood stream throughout the body 4. Synergistic Action - drug increases or counteracts the action of another
- What are the four factors that affect drug action?
- 1. Absorption 2. Distribution 3. Biotransformation 4. Elimination
- What are three undesirable actions of drugs?
- 1. side effect 2. drug interaction 3. adverse reaction
- Name and give an example of the routes of administration. ( There are 8 )
- 1. Topical - cream 2. Sublingual - nitroglycerine 3. Buccal - lozenges 4. Rectal - suppository 5. Vaginal - cream, suppository 6. Inhalation - inhaler 7. Instillation - drops (eye and ear) 8. Parenteral - immunization
- What are the 3 forms of drugs?
- Solid: tablets Semi - Solid: cream Liquid: syrup
- What are parts of a prescription? ( There are 9)
- 1. Pt name 2. Date 3. Drug Name 4. Drug Dosage 5. Directons of use (sig) 6. Quantity 7. Number of Refills 8. Generic or Brand Required 9. Doctor's Signature
- Drug dosage is prescribe by what three factors?
- 1. Age 2. Weight 3. Sex
- What are the 6 "RIGHTS" of proper drug administration?
- 1. Right Drug 2. Right Dose 3. Right Documentation 4. Right Patient 5. Right Route 6. Right Time
- What are the four methods of parenteral medications?
- 1. IM (intramuscular) 2. Sub Q (subcutaneous) 3. ID (intradermal) 4. Z Track Method
- Intramuscular Injection: angle? sight? needle size? aspirate?
- angle:90 degrees sight: Dorsogluteal, Ventragluteal, Vastis Lateralis, Deltoid Muscle needle size: 1"-3" aspirate: yes
- Subcutaneous Injection: angle? sight? needle size? aspirate?
- angle: 45 degrees sight: "Bingo Wing" fatty area in the back of the arm, abdomen, fatty part of the thigh needle size: 5/8" aspirate: yes
- Intradermal Injection: angle? sight? needle size? aspirate?
- angle: 5-10 degrees sight: forearm, scapula area needle size: 1/2" aspirate: NO
- aa
- of each
- ac
- before meals
- ad lib
- as desired
- aq
- water
- bid
- twice a day
- caps
- capsules
- dil
- dilute
- elix
- elixir
- Gm
- gram
- gr
- grain
- gt/gtt
- drops
- h
- hour
- IM
- intramuscular
- IV
- intravenous/ly
- kg
- kilogram
- L
- liter
- liq
- liquid
- m or min
- minim
- mg
- milligram
- ml
- millileter
- mm
- millimeter
- NPO
- nothing by mouth
- non rep
- not repeating
- pc
- after meals
- per
- by way of
- po
- by mouth
- prn
- as needed
- pt
- patient
- q
- every
- qh
- every hour
- qid
- four times a day
- qs
- quantity sufficient
- hs
- at bedtime
- qhs
- every bedtime
- qam
- every morning
- qpm
- every evening
- Rx
- take
- sol
- solution
- ss
- one half
- stat
- immediately / now
- tab
- tablet
- Tbs
- tablespoon
- tsp
- teaspoon
- tid
- three times a day
- tr
- tincture
- ung
- ointment
- c (line over it)
- with
- p (line over it)
- after
- s (line over it)
- without