Cultures Terms
Terms
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- Abstractive Culture
- What you do, not what you are. Low Context: Rule-oriented Factual, urban, industrial Individual gr oup communications leveled to provide ease of communication Language= Technical and precise Ex: "I am a CEO of Microsoft!"
- Associative
- Who do you know. Tone of voice, body language and context is more important than what is said. Society composed of small, intimate groups. High context- less verbally explicit communication Behavior determined by tradition
- Acculturation
- Learning a secondary culture
- Enculturation
- Learning a primary culture
- Assimilation
- Absorption into another cultural system. Being accepted as a member of another culture.
- Integration
- The goal of an organized movement to break down the barriers of discrimination and segregation separating groups of people. Ex. African American segregation
- Collectivist Culture
- "stands for a society in which people from birth onwards are integrated into strong cohesive ingroups, which throughout people's lifetime continue to protect them in exchange for unquestioning loyalty.
- Individualistic Culture
- Individualism stands for a society in which the ties between individuals are loose: everyone is expected to look after himself or herself and his or her immediate family only
- Cultural Cookie Cutter
- Anglo-Saxon, White, model. Conform out of the melting pot to better fit into the dominant society. Ex. Movement to make English the dominant language in America.
- Cultural Awareness
- The recognition of cultural diversity in a given population and the cognizance of the need to address that diversity. Cultural Awareness is the foundation of communication and it involves the ability of standing back from ourselves and becoming aware of our cultural values, beliefs and perceptions. Why do we do things in that way? How do we see the world? Why do we react in that particular way? Cultural awareness becomes central when we have to interact with people from other cultures. People see, interpret and evaluate things in a different ways.
- Cultural Empathy
- An attempt to understand the way a person from another culture views the world and feels about it
- Cultural Identity
- The collective self-awareness that a given group embodies and reflects The identity of the individual in relation to his or her culture.
- Cultural Imperialism
- When one culture imposes its cultural forms on another
- Cultural Pluralism
- When multiple cultures live together without imposing their forms on one another.
- Culture Shock
- A stressful period of adjustment experienced by those who adapt to another culture. (1) The stress of adaptation to a new culture An occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transported abroad. An inevitable but natural process of cross-cultural adjustment that can be overcome with conscious awareness of one's own reactions.
- Reverse Culture Shock
- The stress of readapting to one's native culture after having adapted to another. The readjustment period to one's own culture after having spent time in another culture.
- Anglocentricism
- Using Anglo or white cultural standards as the criteria for interpretations and judgments oof behaviors and attitudes. Immigrants were supposed to jump into the "Melting pot" and jump out American. They were supposed to assimilate into mainstream culture.
- Hybrid Identity
- Mixed person.
- Communication
- A symbolic process whereby reality is produced, maintained, repaired and transformed. Communication is defined as a process by which we assign and convey meaning in an attempt to create shared understanding.
- Cultural values
- THe worldview of a cultural group and its set of deeply held beliefs. Ex. Equality is a value shared by many people in the United States
- Sojourner
- A person who goes to a country not to stay permanently. Perhaps a foreign exchange student or tourist.
- Migrant
- a person who moves regularly in order to find work especially in harvesting crop
- Refugee
- person who flees to a foreign country or power to escape danger or persecution
- Separation
- a point, line, or means of division
- Marginalization
- to relegate to an unimportant or powerless position within a society or group
- Identity
- The concept of who we are. Characteristics of identity may be understood differently depending on the perspectives that people take-- for example, social science, interpretive, or critical perspectives.
- Ascription
- The process by which others attribute identities to an individual. Ex. When a professor hopes the student sees them as a professor.
- Minority Identity
- A sense of belonging to a nondominant group Ex. Gays and lesbians
- Majority Identity
- A sense of belonging to a dominant group
- Gender Identity
- The identification with the cultural notions of masculinity and femininity and what it means to be a man or a woman.
- Racial Identity
- Identifying with a particular racial group. Although in the past racial groups were classified on the basis of biological characteristics, most scientists now recognize that race is constructed in fluid social and historical contexts.
- Ethnic Identity
- (1) A set of ideas about one's own ethnic group membership (2) A sense of belonging to a particular group and knowing something about the shared experience of the group
- Religious Identity
- A sense of belonging to a religious group
- Class Identity
- A sense of belonging to a group that shares similar economic, occupational or social status
- National Identity
- National citizenship
- Regional Identity
- Identification with a specific geographic region of a nation.
- Personal Identity
- Who we think we are and who others think we are.
- Stereotypes
- Widely held beliefs about a group of people.
- Prejudice
- An attitude (usually negative) toward a cultural group based on little or no evidence
- Discrimination
- Behaviors resulting from stereotypes or prejudice that cause some people to be denied equal participation or rights based on cultural group membership such as race.
- Spiritual Identity
- Identificationiwth feelings of conncetedness to others and higher meanings in life.
- Mediation
- The act of resolving conflict by having someone intervene between two parties.
- Diversity
- The quality of being different.
- Immigrants
- People who come to a new country, region or environment to settle more or less permanently
- Melting Pot
- A metaphor that assumes that immigrants and cultural minorities will be assimilated into the U.S. majority culture, losing their original culture.
- Enclave
- The territories that are surrounded by another country's territory. Cultural minority groups that live within a larger cultural group's territory.
- Colonialism
- The system by which groups with diverse languages, cultures, religions and identities were united to form on estate, usually by a European power.
- Ethnocentrism
- An orientation toward's one's own ethnic group. A tendency to elevate one's own culture above others.
- Marginalization (Good definition)
- A type of cultural adaptation in which an individual expresses little interest in maintaining cultural ties with either the dominant culture or the migrant culture Ex. War Brides. They cannot participate in the U.S Culture as a result of barriers and cannot find a community of people who share their own culture.
- Cultural Hybrid (good definition)
- people who consider themselves the product of many cultures, not easily fitting into any of the categories
- Cultural Adaptation
- A process by which individuals learn the rules and customs of new cultural contexts
- Predictive Uncertainty
- a sense of uncertainty that stems from the inability to predict what someone will say or do
- Explanatory uncertainty
- in the process of cultural adaptation, uncertainty that stems from the inability to explain why people behave as they do
- Flight Approach
- A strategy to cope with new situation, being hesitant or withdrawn from the new environment
- Multi-cultural identity
- a sense of in-betweeness that develops as a result of frequent or multiple cultural border crossings
- Fight approach
- Diving into the new environment. A trial-and-error approach
- Monochronic time
- An rientation to time that assumes it is linear and is a commodity that can be lost or gained. Often present in western cultures such as the U.S
- External Culture
- Explicitly learned. Easily changed. Behavior Beliefs.
- Internal Culture
- Implicitly learned. Difficult to change. Values and thought patterns.
- Perception
- The process by which an individual evaluates and organizes stimuli from the external environment
- Heterogeneity
- The assumption that people are not all the same-- that society is composed of many different groups
- High Context Culture
- Messages are implicit. Words < Context Relationships > Rules Less verbally explicit Communication less written/formal Decisions and activities based on face-to-face relationships
- Low Context Culture
- Rule oriented More knowledge is codified Task-centered Decisions and activities focus around what needs to be done Rules > Relationships Messages are explicit Words > Context
- Homogeneity
- The belief that we are all the same
- Multicultural
-
Someone who embodies a core process of self-verification that is grounded in both the universality of the human condition and in the diversity of humanity's cultural forms
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multicultural
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Main Entry:
mul·ti·cul·tur·al Listen to the pronunciation of multicultural Listen to the pronunciation of multicultural
Pronunciation:
\ˌməl-tē-ˈkəlch-rəl, -ˌtī-, -ˈkəl-chə-\
Function:
adjective
Date:
1941
: of, relating to, reflecting, or adapted to diverse cultures
— mul·ti·cul·tur·al·ism Listen to the pronunciation of multiculturalism \-rə-ˌli-zəm\ noun — mul·ti·cul·tur·al·ist \-rə-list\ noun or adjective — mul·ti·cul·tur·al·ly \-rə-lē\ adverb Learn more about "multicultural" and related topics at Britannica.com See a map of "multicultural" in the Visual Thesaurus Find Jobs in Your City Sponsored Links Diversity Posters Buy Diversity-Multicultural posters & novelties to celebrate events. www.DiversityStore.com Diversity Definition What Is Diversity? Find Out w/the Dictionary Toolbar Dictionary.alottoolbars.com Cultural Diversity Largest Diversity Job Board in USA Be Seen - Post your resume Now! www.HireDiversity.com Pronunciation Symbols Share this entry: Share this word with digg Share this word with reddit Share this word with technorati Share this word with del.icio.us Share this word with furl Share this word with stumbleupon Share this word with google Share this word with blinklist Share this word with newsvine Share this word with facebook Share this word with myspace Link to this page: Cite this page: MLA Style "multicultural." Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. 2008. Merriam-Webster Online. 8 December 2008 - Uncertainty avoidance
- The extent to which people within a culture are made nervous by situations that they consider to be unstructured, unclear, or unpredictable, and the extent to which they try to avoid such situations by adopting strict codes of behaviors and a belief in absolute truths
- To do Culture
- Low Context Factual-Inductive Abstractive-Set Rules Male Urban Industrial
- To Be
- High Context Affective-Intuitive Associative-Relational Female Rural Agrarian
- Iceberg Model
- Behaviors Beliefs Values and thought patterns
- Demographics
- the study of, or information about, people's lifestyles, habits, population movements, spending, age, social grade, employment, etc. ...
- Polychromic Time
- View of time as inherent to (and thus different for) each living thing. Adhering to a time system where it is possible to keep several operations going at once
- Contact Culture
- "When a person from a contact culture moves in closer, a person from a non contact culture many feel the need to back off." I guess this sentence implies introverted and extrovert people.
- Non-Contact Culture
- "When a person from a contact culture moves in closer, a person from a non contact culture many feel the need to back off." I guess this sentence implies introverted and extrovert people.
- Logrolling
- A method of achieving an integrative agreement where each party concedes on low-priority issues in exchange for concessions on issues of higher priority to itself Each gets the part of its demands they find most important Ex. disagree on vacation so the husband gets where he wants to go on vacation which is most important to him while the wife gets a first-class hotel which is most important to her
- Arbitration
- the hearing and determination of a case in controversy by an arbiter
- Conflict Resolution
- # ncreased understanding: The discussion needed to resolve conflict expands people's awareness of the situation, giving them an insight into how they can achieve their own goals without undermining those of other people; # Increased group cohesion: When conflict is resolved effectively, team members can develop stronger mutual respect, and a renewed faith in their ability to work together; and # Improved self-knowledge: Conflict pushes individuals to examine their goals in close detail, helping them understand the things that are most important to them, sharpening their focus, and enhancing their effectiveness.
- Conflict Transformation
- Conflict transformation, as described by Lederach, does not suggest that we simply eliminate or control conflict, but rather recognize and work with its "dialectic nature." By this he means that social conflict is naturally created by humans who are involved in relationships, yet once it occurs, it changes (i.e., transforms) those events, people, and relationships that created the initial conflict. Thus, the cause-and-effect relationship goes both ways--from the people and the relationships to the conflict and back to the people and relationships. In this sense, "conflict transformation" is a term that describes a natural occurrence. Conflicts change relationships in predictable ways, altering communication patters and patterns of social organization, altering images of the self and of the other. Conflict transformation is also a prescriptive concept. It suggests that left alone, conflict can have destructive consequences. However, the consequences can be modified or transformed so that self-images, relationships, and social structures improve as a result of conflict instead of being harmed by it.
- Bridging
- A method of acheiving an integrative agreement where neither party acheives its intiial demands, but a new option is devised that satisfies the most important interests underlying those demands
- Cost-cutting
- A method of acheiving an integrative agreement where one party gets what it wants and the other's costs are reduced or eliminated
- Expanding the Pie
- A method of achieving an integrative agreement by increasing the available resources.