Chapter 16 Final

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Mice infected with Nippostrongulus brasiliensis exhibit decreased production of IgE: False: IgE is increased
IL-4 decreases IgE production by B cells: False: IL-4 increases IgE production
The initial step in the process of mast cell degranulation is cross linking of Fc receptors.: TRUE
Antihistamines are effective for the treatment of type III hypersensitivity: False: Antihistamines are helpful in the type I hypersensitivities, which involves release of histamines by mast cell degranulation. Because type III hypersensitivity involves immune complex deposition, antihistamines are ineffective.
Most pollen allergens contain a single allergenic component.: False: Most allergens contain multiple allergenic components.
Babies can acquire IgE-mediated allergies by passive transfer of maternal antibodies.: False: Unlike IgG, IgE cannot pass through the placenta
Transfusion reaction are a manifestation of type II hypersensitivity: TRUE
"Mice injected intradermally with complete antibodies to the IgE Fc receptor (FcERI) or with Fab fragments of such antibodies. Predict the response expected with each type of antibody." "The complete antibodies would crosslink FcE RI: The response induced by complete anti-FceRI antibodies does not depend on allergen specific IgE and thus would be similar in allergic and nonallergic mice. Injection of Fab fragments of anti-FceRI might prevent allergic mice from reacting to an allergen if these fragments block binding of IgE to mast cells and basophiles.
Serum sickness can result when an individual is given a large dose of antiserum such as a mouse antitoxin to snake venom. How could you take advantage of recent technological advances to produce an antitoxin that would not produce serum sickness in patie: Engineer chimeric monoclonal antibodies to snake venom that contain mouse variable regions but human heavy and light chain constant regions.
Is an important defense against intracellular pathogens: Type IV hypersensitivity
Can be induced by penicillin: All four types
Involves histamine as an important mediator: Type I and III hypersensitivity
or with Fab fragments of such antibodies. Predict the response expected with each type of antibody.": "The complete antibodies would crosslink FcE RI molecules on the membrane of mast cells
induce vasodilation, smooth muscle contraction, and a local wheal and flare reaction. Because the fab fragment is monovalent, it cannot crosslink FcERI molecules and thus cannot induce degranulation. However this type of antireceptor antibody could bind
or with Fab fragments of such antibodies. Would the response observed depend on whether the response observed depend on whether the mice were allergic?": The response induced by complete anti-FceRI antibodies does not depend on allergen specific IgE and thus would be similar in allergic and nonallergic mice. Injection of Fab fragments of anti-FceRI might prevent allergic mice from reacting to an allergen if these fragments block binding of IgE to mast cells and basophiles.
advances to produce an antitoxin that would not produce serum sickness in patients who receive it?": Engineer chimeric monoclonal antibodies to snake venom that contain mouse variable regions but human heavy and light chain constant regions.
within 1-2 min after being bitten, swelling and redness appear at the site and then disappear in 1 hour.": "Type I hypersensitivity: localized atopic reaction that results from allergen cross linkage
of fixed IgE on skin of mast cells, inducing degranulation and mediator release."
after an insect bite 6 to 8 hours later, swelling and redness again appear and persist for 24 hours.": "Type III hypersensitivity: immune complexes of antibody and insect antigens from a and
are deposited locally, causing an Arthus type reaction resulting from complement activation and complement split products."
after an insect bite 72 hours later, the tissue becomes inflamed, and tissue necrosis follows.": "Type IV hypersensitivity: sensitized Th cells release their mediators, inducing macrophage
accumulation and activation. Tissue damage results from lysosomal enzymes released by the macrophages."
Can be induced by poison oak in sensitive individuals: Type IV hypersensitivity
Can lead to asthma: Type I hypersensitivity
Occurs as result of mismatched blood transfusions: Type II hypersensitivity
Systemic form of reaction is treated with epinephrine: Type I hypersensitivity
Can be induced by pollens and certain foods in sensitive individuals: Type I hypersensitivity
May involve cell destruction by antibody dependent cell mediated cytoxicity: Type II hypersensitivity
One form of clinical manifestation is prevented by Rhogam: Type II hypersensitivity
Localized form characterized by wheal and flare reactions: Type I hypersensitivity
IgE mediated degranulation of mast cells: Type I hypersensitivity
Lysis of antibody coated blood cells by complement: Type II hypersensitivity
Tissue destruction in response to poison oak: Type IV hypersensitivity
C3a and C5a mediated mast cell degranulation: Type III hypersensitivity and some type II
Chemotaxis of neutrophils: Type III hypersensitivity
Chemotaxis of eosinophils: Type I hypersensitivity
Activation of macrophages by IFN-gamma: Type IV hypersensitivity
Deposition of antigen-antibody complexes on basement membranes of capillaries: Type I hypersensitivity
What immunological mechanisms most like account for a person's developing each of the following reactions after an insect bite 72 hours later, the tissue becomes inflamed, and tissue necrosis follows.: Type IV hypersensitivity: sensitized Th cells release their mediators, inducing macrophage cumulation and activation. Tissue damage results from lysosomal enzymes released by the macrophages.
False: IgE is increased
False: IL-4 increases IgE production
TRUE
False: Antihistamines are helpful in the type I hypersensitivities, which involves release of histamines by mast cell degranulation. Because type III hypersensitivity involves immune complex deposition, antihistamines are ineffective.
False: Most allergens contain multiple allergenic components.
False: Unlike IgG, IgE cannot pass through the placenta
The response induced by complete anti-FceRI antibodies does not depend on allergen specific IgE and thus would be similar in allergic and nonallergic mice. Injection of Fab fragments of anti-FceRI might prevent allergic mice from reacting to an allergen
Engineer chimeric monoclonal antibodies to snake venom that contain mouse variable regions but human heavy and light chain constant regions.
Type IV hypersensitivity: sensitized Th cells release their mediators, inducing macrophage cumulation and activation. Tissue damage results from lysosomal enzymes released by the macrophages.
Type IV hypersensitivity
All four types
Type I and III hypersensitivity
Type I hypersensitivity
Type II hypersensitivity
Type III hypersensitivity and some type II
Type III hypersensitivity
"Mice injected intradermally with complete antibodies to the IgE Fc receptor (FcERI) or with Fab fragments of such antibodies. Predict the response expected with each type of antibody.": "The complete antibodies would crosslink FcE RI molecules on the membrane of mast cells
and basophiles, resulting in their activation and degranulation. The released mediators would
induce vasodilation, smooth muscle contraction, and a local wheal and flare reaction. Because the fab fragment is monovalent, it cannot crosslink FcERI molecules and thus cannot induce degranulation. However this type of antireceptor antibody could bind to FcERI and might thereby block binding of IgE to the receptors."
"Mice injected intradermally with complete antibodies to the IgE Fc receptor (FcERI) or with Fab fragments of such antibodies. Would the response observed depend on whether the response observed depend on whether the mice were allergic?": The response induced by complete anti-FceRI antibodies does not depend on allergen specific IgE and thus would be similar in allergic and nonallergic mice. Injection of Fab fragments of anti-FceRI might prevent allergic mice from reacting to an allergen if these fragments block binding of IgE to mast cells and basophiles.
"Serum sickness can result when an individual is given a large dose of antiserum such as a mouse antitoxin to snake venom. How could you take advantage of recent technological advances to produce an antitoxin that would not produce serum sickne: Engineer chimeric monoclonal antibodies to snake venom that contain mouse variable regions but human heavy and light chain constant regions.
"What immunological mechanisms most like account for a person's developing each of the following reactions after an insect bite within 1-2 min after being bitten, swelling and redness appear at the site and then disappear in 1 hour.": "Type I hypersensitivity: localized atopic reaction that results from allergen cross linkage
of fixed IgE on skin of mast cells, inducing degranulation and mediator release."
"What immunological mechanisms most like account for a person's developing each of the following reactions after an insect bite 6 to 8 hours later, swelling and redness again appear and persist for 24 hours.": "Type III hypersensitivity: immune complexes of antibody and insect antigens from a and
are deposited locally, causing an Arthus type reaction resulting from complement activation and complement split products."

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