Global Terms
Terms
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- Reformation
- rescuing from error and returning to a rightful course
- Council Of Trent
- an ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church convened in Trento in three sessions between 1545 and 1563 in response to the Reformation
- Sir Thomas More
- English statesman who opposed Henry VIII's divorce from Catherine of Aragon and was imprisoned and beheaded
- Vernacular
- the everyday speech of the people (as distinguished from literary language)
- Leonardo Da Vinci
- Italian painter and sculptor and engineer and scientist and architect
- 95 Theses
- 95 complaints made by Martin Luther
- Humanism
- the doctrine emphasizing a person's capacity for self-realization through reason
- Protestant
- the Protestant churches and denominations collectively
- King Henry VIII
- Founder of the church in England and ruled England from 1509-1547. He broke the Catholic church because he couldn't get a divorce
- Johann Gutenberg
- German printer who was the first in Europe to print using movable type and the first to use a press (1400-1468)
- Renaissance
- the period of European history at the close of the Middle Ages and the rise of the modern world
- Jan Van Eyck
- Flemish painter who was a founder of the Flemish school of painting and who pioneered modern techniques of oil painting (1390-1441)
- Printing Press
- invented by Johann Gutenberg in 1454; first book was Gutenberg Bible; changed private and public lives of Europeans; used for war declarations, battle accounts, treaties, propaganda; laid basis for formation of distinct political parties; enhanced literacy, people sought books on all subjects
- Galileo
- Italian Astronomer who discovered Planetery rotation
- Medici Family
- Florence's ruling family
- Indulgence
- the remission by the pope of the temporal punishment in purgatory that is still due for sins even after absolution
- Peace of Augsburg
- 1.German rulers decide if they are Lutheran or Catholic 2.If a German Ruler took property from the church before 1552 they can keep it 3.Bishops go to states of their religion 4.Lutheran is the only other religion
- Elizabeth I
- Queen of England from 1558 to 1603
- John Calvin
- Swiss theologian (born in France) whose tenets (predestination and the irresistibility of grace and justification by faith) defined Presbyterianism (1509-1564)
- Newton
- English mathematician and physicist
- Predestination
- (theology) being determined in advance
- William Shakespeare
- English poet and dramatist considered one of the greatest English writers (1564-1616)
- Martin Luther
- German monk who was one of the most important critics of the Catholic church
- Descartes
- French philosopher and mathematician
- Secular
- worldly; not pertaining to church matters or religion; temporal
- Heliocentric theory
- Every thing revolves around the sun studied by Galelo and Copernicus
- Scientific Method
- a method of investigation involving observation and theory to test scientific hypotheses
- Patron
- a regular customer
- Theocracy
- the belief in government by divine guidance
- Anglican Church
- the national church of England (and all other churches in other countries that share its beliefs)
- Counter Reformation
- the reaction of the Roman Catholic Church to the Reformation reaffirming the veneration of saints and the authority of the Pope (to which Protestants objected)
- Machiavelli
- a statesman of Florence who advocated a strong central government (1469-1527)
- Perspective
- the appearance of things relative to one another as determined by their distance from the viewer
- Michaelangelo
- artist known for the frescoes on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel
- Jenner
- English physician who pioneered vaccination
- Copernicus
- Polish astronomer who produced a workable model of the solar system with the sun in the center (1473-1543)
- Utopia
- an imaginary place considered to be perfect or ideal
- Vesalius
- a Flemish surgeon who is considered the father of modern anatomy (1514-1564)