EPPP REVIEW
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- HUESMAN- LONG TERM EFFECTS OF TV VIOLENCE ON CHILDREN PREDICTS
- YOUNG ADULT AGGRESSIVE BEH IN MALES & FEMALES
- PHONEME
- SMALLEST UNIT OF LANGUAGE THAT CARRIES MEANING
- SYMMETRICAL VS COMPLEMENTARY COMMUNICATION
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SYM-EQULAITY BTWN PARTNERS
COMPLEMENTARY-INEQUALITY, ONE TAKES DOMINANT ROLE AND ONE IS SUNORDINATE - ELABORATIVE REHERSAL
- THINKING ABOUT HOW INFO RELATES TO EXISTING MEMORY
- CE CREDITS EARNED THROYGH APA APPROVED SPONSOR MEANS PROGRAM IS...
- THE RSPONSIBILITY OF THE SPONSOR
- SUICIDE RATES HIGHEST TO LOWEST
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DIVORCED
WIDOWED
NEVER MARRIED
MARRIED
MARRIED W/ CHILDREN - interviews as selection techniques
- When interviewers are given biodata information about an interviewee prior to the interview, interviewers give less credence to interview information when the biodata is not supportive of a decision to hire than when the biodata is very supportive of a decision to hire.
- Classical Adlerian psychotherapy
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is a progression through twelve stages
diplomatic, warm, empathetic, and Socratic style of treatment
These are not rigid, systematized steps as therapy is considered a creative practice and unique for the individual - Functional nocturnal enuresis
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is not associated with any particular stage of sleep
most likely to occur during the first third of the night - adding a behavioral intervention to nicotine replacement therapy
- little additional effect in terms of short-term abstinence but does improve long-term abstinence
- RET
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biological predisposition and early life experiences
ELLIS argued that their maintenance was due primarily to self-indoctrination - percent of individuals diagnosed of Panic Disorder also have Agoraphobia in community samples
- 33-50%
- Elaboration Likelihood Model
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two routes of communication: a central route and a peripheral route
A listener is most susceptible to persuasion BY peripheral route when the communicator is appealing (e.g., is of high status), the listener is uninvolved with the message or is distracted, and/or the message appeals to fear - Feature integration theory STATES the perception of an object as an entity rather than as a cluster of unrelated features depends on
- FOCUSED ATTN
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Anne Cleary's model of test fairness
a job selection test would be considered unfair if - the slope and/or the y-intercept of the regression line is different for one subgroup than for another
- Guilford
- convergent and divergent thinking as dimensions of intelligence
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dissonance stage
SUE & SUE - conflict between appreciation and depreciation of the self and the dominant group
- best way to reduce rater errors such as the halo and leniency biases
- adequate training of raters
- catecholamine hypothesis
- 1965, Schildkraut et al.’s theory of depression emphasized the association of depression with a decrease in the levels of brain catecholamines dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE), especially norepinephrine
- SAD TX
- atypical symptoms such as carbohydrate craving and hypersomnia predict a robust response, whereas melancholic symptoms such as insomnia and weight loss are generally less responsive to light
- leading cause of infant mortality
- congenital malformation
- telling style most effective
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if employee's ability and willingness to accept responsibility are both low
high task orientation and low relationship orientation - "selling" style
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low ability but high willingness to accept responsibility
high task orientation and high relationship orientation - "participatory" style
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high ability but low willingness to accept responsibility
low task orientation and high relationship orientation - "delegating" style
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ability to and willingness to accept responsibility are both high
both low task and low relationship orientation -
Ohio State University studies from the 1950s
2 styles of leadership? - consideration and initiating structure
- Assimilation
- when a child incorporates and interprets new information in terms of his or her existing schema
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functional value
Bandura's social learning - anticipated consequences
- Smith and Glass
- popularized metananylysis
- positively skewed distribution, ranked from lowest to highest in value
- mode, median, mean
- validity/reliability
- Validity is never higher than the square root of the reliability coefficient
- Reactive Attachment Disorder
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below the age of 5 and is characterized by disturbed social relatedness
two subtypes: inhibited and disinhibited type
disinhibited type, involves indiscriminate attachments and sociability
inhibited type involves inhibition, hypervigilance, and ambivalent responses in social situations
evidence of pathogenic care (disregard for the child's basic physical or emotional needs) must be present before the diagnosis can be made -
Minority Identity Development (MID) model
ATkinson & Sue -
conformity
dissonance
resistance and immersion introspection
synergetic articulation and awareness - most predictive variable for adult IQ scores among infant responses
- attention to a visual recognition task
- Retroactive inhibition
- occurs when new learning interferes with previous learning.
- Proactive inhibition
- occurs when previous learning interferes with new learning.
- CBT/panic
- "catastrophic misinterpretations" of bodily sensations, symptoms, and mentation
- Huntington's Disease
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cells within the striatum (caudate and putamen) of the basal ganglia begin to be destroyed
The striatum is responsible for producing GABA, which regulates the levels of dopamine in the brain through an inhibitory process
The death of the striatum cells causes decreased amounts of GABA which leads to an overproduction of dopamine and results in chorea (uncontrollable and irregular muscle movements, especially of the arms, legs, and face) - Bowen
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triangulation and emotional divorce
triangles are a means of reducing tension and conflict between two family members who refocus their attention on the triangulated member - ADHD/impulsivity
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linked to size of caudate nucleus,esp on right side (smaller=more impulsive)
Abnormalities in corpus coolosum also found - Kuder-Richardson formula (KR 20)
- used to assess the inter-item consistency of tests that are dichotomously scored
- Cannon and Bard
- emotions and thoughts occur more or less simultaneously
- stages of neursl development
- proliferation, migration, differentiation, myelination
- centralized vs decentralized (formal) communication networks
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Centralized communication networks, where all communication passes through one position or person, have been shown to be more efficient when tasks are mundane and simple. Formal communication networks where information moves between many positions or people (decentralized communication networks) work best with complex and/or collaborative job tasks.
decentralized networks also result in more individual satisfaction - eigenvalue
- the amount of variability in a group of variables accounted for by an independent statistical component
- "vocational maturity"
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Super
degree to which a person's progress in this sequence is appropriate given the person's chronological age - standard error of estimate
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inherent in the best fit regression line
the higher the correlation coefficient, the lower the error of estimate - standard error of the mean
- how closely the sample mean approximates the population mean
- standard error of measurement
- how accurately an obtained score on a test estimates someone's true score on that test, if a true score were ever possible to obtain
- George Kelly
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first cognitive theorist and introduced his "psychology of personal constructs" in 1955
A construct, which is synonymous with a schema, is a cognitive template through which the world is interpreted - Patterson
- parents of aggressive children often use harsh physical punishment which is applied inconsistently and often not connected to the child's behavior
- hypothalamus
- controls the gonads through its influence on the pituitary gland
- Fiedler's 1971 contingency theory
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Low LPC leaders are task and achievement oriented
High LPC leaders are primarily relationship oriented -
Expectancy
Instrumentality
valence - Expectancy refers to the belief that effort will lead to success performance. Instrumentality refers to the beliefs that successful performance will result in certain outcomes; the value placed on the outcomes of performance is referred to as valence
- Convergent validity
- requires that different ways of measuring the same trait yield the same result
- Monotrait-heteromethod coefficients
- correlations between two measures that assess the same trait using different methods; therefore if a test has convergent validity, this correlation should be high
- Heterotrait-monomethod and heterotrait-heteromethod
- confirm discriminatory validity
- monotrait-monomethod coefficients
- reliability coefficients
- deep dyslexia
- reading errors including semantic paralexia, which involves producing a response that is similar in meaning to the target word (e.g., dog for cat or arm for leg)
- malpractice claim against a psychologist to be held valid
- 1) the psychologist must have had a professional relationship with (and, therefore a duty of care to) the client; 2) the psychologist must have been negligent or failed to live up to that duty; and 3) harm to the patient must have resulted.
- McGregor’s (1960) Theory X and Theory Y management
- Theory X is similar to scientific management- workers dislike work and avoid it whenever possible; therefore, workers must be directed and controlled
- compressed workweek
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not have a strong impact on absenteeism or objective measures of job performance.
found to have positive effects on supervisor ratings of employee performance, employee overall job satisfaction, and employee satisfaction with the work schedule - Structured Learning Therapy
- social skills training, an early approach to the treatment of depression, along with modeling, role-playing, skill instruction, and performance appraisal
- race/therapy outcome
- African-American patients tend to have poorer outcomes when working with therapists who are insensitive to or unknowledgeable about racial or cultural issues. There are also studies that show that African-Americans are more likely to terminate therapy prematurely than Caucasians, and even a few studies which show they are likely to have poorer outcomes. However, the bulk of the literature and thinking on this issue supports the notion that race, in and of itself, is not a good predictor of therapy outcome
- ethics code introduction
- “discusses the intent, organization, procedural considerations, and scope of application of the Ethics Code.â€
- Preamble and General Principles
- “aspirational goals to guide psychologists toward the highest ideals of psychology.â€
- Ethical Standards
- “set forth enforceable rules.â€
- centration- piaget
- limitation of preoperational thought that leads a child to focus on one aspect of a situation and neglect others, often leading to illogical conclusions
- LPC- Fielder
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(low-LPC) leaders are most effective when the leader has either low or high situational control and person-oriented (high-LPC leaders) are most effective when situational control is moderate
situational control is determined by: leader-member relations, task-structure, and leader position power - pooled variance
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weighted average variance for each group
assumes that the population variances are approximately the same, even though the sample variances differ - Marlatt's model of substance dependence
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addicts learn to associate substance use with relief of self-criticism and guilt through a variety of cues and reinforcers
a slip is likely to lead to a full-blown relapse when the person makes dispositional attributions for it, such as when the person blames him or herself - Weber’s law
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psychophysical - explains the relationship between physical stimuli and their psychological effects.
- “just noticeable difference†in the stimulus is proportional to the magnitude of the original stimulus, explaining why a whisper can be heard in a quiet room but not in a noisy one - Blocking
- CS is presented simultaneously with a second stimulus just before the US
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Language acquisition
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3-6 mo babbling
8-9 mo narrows to native language
12 mo 1st words
12-24 mo holophrastic speech
24 mo telegraphic speech (200 words)