JAMP Embryology: Chapter 11
Terms
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- The first kidney structure, the pronephros, appears in which embryonic region?
- Cervical
- The urogenital system derives from the:
- Urogenital ridge
- Glomerulus:
- Metanephric mesoderm
- Loop of Henle:
- Metanephric mesoderm
- Collecting tubule:
- Metanephric diverticulum (ureteric bud)
- Proximal convulated tubule:
- Metanephric mesoderm
- Urethra:
- Hindgut
- Distal convoluted tubule:
- Metanephric mesoderm
- The ascent of the kidney from the lower to middle thorax is caused by:
- Caudal growth of the embryo
- Which structure becomes first the urachus and then the median umbilical ligament?
- Allantois
- The urogenital sinus gives rise to the:
- Urinary bladder and most of the urethra
- The connective tissue and smooth muscle of the urethra are derived from:
- Splanchnic mesoderm
- What organ is 10-20 times larger in the fetus than in the adult (proportionate to body size)?
- Adrenal gland
- The primoridal germ cells migrate along which structures?
- Dorsal yolk sac to hindgut mesentery to gonadal ridge
- Earliest expression of SRY transcription factor?
- Primary sex cords
- Mullerian inhibiting factor:
- Sertoli cells of testis
- Testosterone:
- Leydig cells of testis
- The change of ductus deferens to ejaculatory duct occurs at the:
- Seminal vesicle
- The epididymus and ductus (vas) deferens in males:
- Mesonephric duct (Wolffian duct)
- The ejaculatory duct in males:
- Mesonephric duct (Wolffian duct)
- The uterus and vagina in females:
- Paramesonephric duct (Mullerian duct)
- The renal pelvis:
- Metanephric diverticulum
- The duct of Gartner, epoophoron, and appendix vesiculosa in females:
- Mesonephric duct (Wolffian duct)
- Nephrons:
- Metanephric mesoderm
- The proximal urethra in males and females:
- Urogenital sinus
- The hormone dihydrotestosterone has a role in the:
- Fusion of the labioscrotal folds
- A 2 y.o. child has had three urinary tract infections with an increasing blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine. Renal ultrasound shows a dilated uereter and deformed kidney on the right side. Diagnosis?
- Urinary tract anomaly with multicystic kidney disease
- A woman presents with a history of 4 consecutive first trimester spontaneous abortions. She has a normal external appearance and pelvic examination. Diagnosis?
- Bicornuate uterus
- A woman presents for evaluation of infertility after trying to conceive for three years. The physical examination and external genitalia appear normal. Diagnosis?
- Female hermaphroditism
- A child presents with weight loss, poor appetite, and lethargy. Blood chemistries show markedly elevated blood urea nitrogen and creatinine. Renal ultrasound reveals the presence of both kidneys and normal urinary tracts. The kidneys are enlarged and unu
- Polycystic kidney disease
- A female infant develops poor feeding and vomiting on the second day of life. Her initial blood chemistries reveal a low glucose, low sodium, and high potassium. A pelvic ultrasound reveals normal uterus and ovaries, and a more focused examination of the
- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
- Horseshoe kidney:
- Fusion of the lower poles of the kidneys
- Double ureter:
- Duplication of the ureteric bud
- Urachal fistula:
- Connection from the bladder to umbilical cord (persistent allantois)
- Exstrophy of the bladder:
- Opening of the anterior body wall and bladder
- Ectopic ureter:
- Abnormal entry of the ureter into the lower urogenital sinus
- Common in Turner syndrome:
- Fusion of the lower poles of the kidneys