Biology evolution terms
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Terms
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- catastrophism
- natural disaters such as volcanoes floods have happened often during earths long history.
- homologous structures
- are feutuers that are similar in structure but appear in different organisms and have different functions.
- Fossils
- Traces of organisms that lived in the past
- speciation
- the rise of two or more species from an existing species
- Biogenesis
- Living things cannot come from nonliving things/ Living things come from living things
- natural selection
- the mechinism by which individuals that have inherited beneficial adaptations produce more offspring on average than do other individuals
- heritability
- the ability of a trait to be passed down from one generation to the next
- Temporal isolation
- exists when timing prevents reproduction between populations.
- Jan Van Helmont
- Supported spontaneous generation
- Charles Darwin
- considered how organisms can evolve through mechanisms such as competition
- Five main points of Darwins theory of evolution
- overproduction; competition; variation; adaptations; and descent with modification.
- variation
- difference in the physical traits in a individual from those of other individuals in the group to which it belongs
- adaptation
- any kind of inherited trait that improves the chances of survival and reproduction of the organism
- species
- group of organisms so similar to each other that they can reproduce and have fertile offspring
- biogeography
- study of the distribution of organisms around the world
- artificial selection
- the process by which humans change a species by breeding it for certain traits
- genetic drift
- changes in allele frequencies that are due to chance
- behavioral isolation
- isolation caused by differences in courtship or mating behaviors
- Reproductive Isolation
- occurs when members of different populations can no longer mate successfully with one another
- Miller & Urey
- tested the hypothesis that am input of energy from lightning led to the formation of organic molecules from inorganic molecules present in the Earth's early atmosphere
- uniformitairianism
- geological processes shaped the earth and are uniformed through time
- Sanfrisco Redi
- Against Spontaneous generation( Jar experiment)
- geographical isolation
- physical barriers that divide a population into two or more groups.
- Lamarck
- Presented evolution as occurring do to changes in the environment over long periods of time.
- gradualism
- changes in land forms resulted over a long period of time
- allele frequency
- the measure of how common a certain allele is in a population
- Sexual Selection
- occurs when certain traits increase mating success
- four sources of evidence Darwins theory
- fossils- found at the bottom or older layers of the earth are more primitive than those in the upper newer layers /geography-different climates or ecosystems favor different traits in species/ embryology the similar fetures of embryos in very different organisms suggest evolution from a different common ancestor./ Anatomy homologous an analogous structures .
- gene flow
- movement of alleles from one population to another .
- Spontaneous Generation
- Living things can come from nonliving things.
- gene pool
- The combined alleles of all individuals in a population
- analogous structures
- structers that perform similar functions but are not similar in origin
- bottleneck effect
- genetic drift that occurs after an event greatly reduces the size of a population
- meteorite theory
- contained all nitrogen bases from DNA
- founder effect
- genetic drift that occurs after a small number of individuals colonize a new area
- Evolution
- Process of biological change by which descendants come to differ from there ancestors
- population
- all the individuals that live in a area
- vestigial structures
- remnants of organs or structures that had a function in early ancestor