Protozoa 2

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what are the general characteristics of protozoa?: -single-celled
-can reproduce into 8 trophs per cyst in the body.
-anaerobic like
what are the 2 main things we're examing in protozoa morphology?: -Cytoplasm
-Nucleus
How is the cytoplasm organized in protozoa?: -Ectoplasma w/ 5 functions
-Endoplasm w/ 2 functions
What is the ectoplasma for?: -movement
-taking in nutrients
-Protection
-elimination of waste
-respiration (anaerobic)
what is the endoplasm for?: -processing absorbed nutrients by enzymatic bkdwn in vacuoles
-reproduction
What do we consider when examing Nuclei?: -karyosomes
-Nuclear chromatin
what are the stages of protozoa? how many?: 2:
-Cyst
-Trophozoite
what is the funciton of the protozoan cyst?: Infection - out in environment
-No nutrient uptake
-No vegetation
What is the function of the protozoan trophozoite?: -Vegetative state
-Moves to nutrients
-Less-protective ectoplasm
What causes Amebiasis? what are 2 other names for it?: Entamoeba histolytica
-amebic dysentery
-amebic hepatitis
Where is E. histolytica found?: Endemic in tropical climates
found in contamin. food/water
How big is the E. histolytica -troph -cyst: Troph: 10-60u
Cyst: 5-20 u
What are the characteristics of the E. histolytica troph?: -lives in large intestine
-half will ingest RBCs
-One nucleus w/ central karyosom
-even arrngd periph chromatin
what are the characteristics of the e. histolytica cyst?: -INFECTIOUS STAGE
-1-4 nuclei
-Large glycogen vacuole
-Chromatidyl bars
What are the hosts of E. histolytica?: humans
sometimes other mammals
what is the life cycle of e. histolytica?: 1. cysts ingested w/ feces-contam food/water;
2. excyst in small intestine;
3. trophs colonize LARGE intestine; may invade lg intest lining, ENTERITIS;
4. May invade bld vssls, cause extraintestinal diseases.
5. Pass cysts in feces
what 2 factors determine the severity of an infection by E. histolytica?: -Organism virulence - enzymes
-Host factors - intest. tract condition, normal flora, diet, previous problems
what type of diet will make a host more susceptible to inf?: high carb
what are 4 types of infections caused by e. histolytica?: -asymptomatic
-acute amebiasis
-chronic amebiasis
-extra intestinal amebiasis
what would cause asymptomatic?: a very small initial inoculum
vague, nonspecific kind've ill feeling
what are symptoms of acute amebiasis?: DYSENTARY, abdom pain, fever, dehydration
what are symptoms of chronic amebiasis?: similar to acute, but also Constipation, liver tenderness
What 2 types of extra-int amebiasis develop, and in whom?: 1. Hepatic - Amebic hepatitis
2. Systemic - in other organs

In immunocompromised, 2-8% of all infected
what 3 bases is diagnosis of E. histolytica made on?: 1. Morphological
2. Serological
3. Antigen detection
What do you want in re: to specimen for e. histolytica?: 6 stool specimens in a perfect world.
How is diagnosis made morphologically?: if Loose stools = Trophs
if Formed stools = Cysts
if Charcot Leyden crystals = chronic infection
What does serological testing for e. histolytica show?: Extraintestinal disease - if there's Ab in the serum.
what is antigen detection for?: antigens in the stool.
how is amebiasis treated?: Metronidazole or Iodoquinol
How is it prevented?: Nutritional diet
Clean food/water
Personal hygiene
what organisms are in phylum ciliata?: b. coli - balantidium coli
only one!
what diseases does B. coli cause?: balantidiasis
balantidial dysentary
what is the host/s of b. coli? where is it normally found?: HOGS
HUMANS
MONKEYS
Found in warm climates
what is the morphology of B. coli?: it is the largest of the intestinal protozoa;
60x45u = Troph
50-70u = Cyst
What are the morphologic characteristics of the B. coli trophozoite?: -Cilia, hazy under the scope.
-Peristome is nutrient intake.
-Cytopate is extretion hole.
-Cytoplasm is very vacuolated and dirty
-Has a macro/micronucleus
what's special 'bout the nucleus?: Macronucleus is large and kidney bean shaped, performs all metabolic functions.
Micronuc controls reproduct., may not be visible.
what symptoms can be seen in balantidiasis?: -May be asymptomatic
-May be severe dysentary
-May cause intestinal abcesses
How is B. coli diagnosed?: by stool samples
how is balantidiasis treated?: -Tetracycline
-Diiodohydroxyquin
what are the 5 commensal amoebae?: a. Entamoeba harmanni
b. Entamoeba coli
c. Endolimax nana
d. Iodamoeba butschlii
e. Entamoeba gingivalis
how are the commensal amoebae acquired?: by ingestion, same as pathogens
what is entamoeba hartmanni similar to? how is it differed?: Entamoeba histolytica
It's smaller - 4-10u trophs and cysts.
How predominant is -Entamoeba coli -Endolimax nana: E. coli = 10-30% in world
E. nana = 10-20% in world
what are the characteristics of Entamoeba coli troph?: -1 nucleus, eccentric karyosome
-Uneven peripheral chromatin
-Dirty cytoplasm
-Blnt psdopod, sluggish motil.
what are the characteristics of E. coli cyst?: 15-20u, 1-8 nuclei
-only amoeba w/ >4 nuclei
-splintered chromatidyl bars
what are the characteristics of Endolimax nana troph?: -Small - 8-10u troph
-1 nucleus w/ predom. karyosome
-Vacuoles/dirty cytoplasm
what are the characteristics of e. nana cyst?: -6-8u, so small
-1-4 nuclei look like RBCs but have big karyosomes
what does the iodamoeba butschlii troph resemble? how do you differentiate?: Identical to e. nana troph; to diffnt, must look for cyst.
How is the Iodamoeba butschlii cyst different from E. nana?: I. butschlii has one large glycogen vacuole and v. large karyosome/nucleus.
E. nana has no glycogen and has small 4 nuclei
What's the only amoeba to ingest WBCs? -where is it a commensal -what stage does exist in?: Entamoeba gingivalis
-commensal in mouth
-only has a troph stage
10-20u

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