Psych-CH.15
Terms
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- eclectic approach
- an approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client\'s problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy.
- psychotherapy
- treatment involving psychological techniques; consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth.
- psychoanalysis
- Sigmund Freud\'s therapeutic technique. Freud believed the patients free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences-and the therapist\'s interpretations of them- released preciously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight.
- resistance
- in psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material
- interpretation
- in psychoanalysis, the analyst\'s noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors in order to promote insight.
- transference
- in psychoanalysis, the patient\'s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships; love hatred towards a parent
- psychodynamic therapy
- therapy dericing from the psychanalytic tradition that views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, and that seeks to enhance self-insight
- insight therapies
- a variety of therapies which aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing the client\'s awareness of underlying motives and defenses.
- client-centered therapy
- a humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Roger, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathetic, environment to facilitate clients\' growth (aka person centered therapy)
- active listening
- empathetic listening in which a listener echoes, restates, and clarifies. A feature of Roger\'s client-centered therapy.
- unconditional positive regard
- a caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude, which Carl Rogers believed to be conductive to developing self-awareness and self-acceptance
- behavior therapy
- therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors.
- counterconditioning
- a behavior therapy procedure that uses classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behavior: exposure therapies and aversive therapies.
- exposure therapies
- behavioral techniques such as systematic desensitization, that treat anxieties by exposing people (in imagination or actuality) to the things they fear and avoid.
- systematic desensitization
- a type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxes state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias.
- virtual reality exposure therapy
- an anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to simulations of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking.
- aversive conditioning
- a type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (ex nausea) with an unwanted behavior (drinking alcohol)
- token economy
- an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for carious privileges or treats.
- cognitive therapy
- therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions
- cognitive-behavior therapy
- a popular integrated therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior).
- family therapy
- therapy that treats the family as a system. Views an individual\'s unwanted behaviors as influence by, or directed at, other family members.
- regression toward the mean
- the tendency for extremes of unusual scores to fall beck toward their average.
- meta-analysis
- a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies.
- evidence-based practice
- clinical decision-making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences.
- biomedical therapy
- prescribed medications or medical procedures that act directly on the patient\'s nervous system
- psychopharmacology
- the study of the effects of drugs on the mind and behavior.
- antipsychotic drugs
- drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorder.
- tardive dyskinesia
- involuntary movements of the facial muscles, tongue, and limbs; a possible neurotoxic side effect of long-term use of antipsychotic drugs that target certain dopamine receptors.
- anti-anxiety drugs
- drugs used to control anxiety and agitation.
- antidepressant drugs
- drugs used to treat depression; also increasingly prescribed for anxiety. Different types work by altering the availability of various neurotransmitters
- electroconvulsive therapy (ect)
- a biomedical therapy for severly depresseed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient.
- repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)
- the application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity.
- psychosurgery
- surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior
- lobotomy
- a nor-rare psychosurgical procedure once used to cal uncontollably emotional or violent patients. the procedure cut the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling venters of the inner brain.