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Chapter 25 Micrp

Terms

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NAME WHETHER VIRUS, PROTOZAON, BACTERIA, or NEITHER
Giardiasis
protozoan
NAME
is caused by Giardia lamblia
Giardiasis
What causes Giardiasis?
Giardia lamblia
NAME
is the most common flagellte isolated clincally
Giardia lamblia
Giardia lamblia is the most commmon (1) isolated clincally
Flagellte
Giardia lamlia is resistent to (1)
chlorination
(1) are rsesistent to chlorination
Giardia lamlia
How does on get Giardiasis?
ingestion of food or water that is contaminated w the protozoans
What are the symptoms of Giardiasis? (3)
(1)prolonged diahrrhea sometimes presisting for weeks (2)abdominal pain and flatulence (3)odor of H2S can be dected in the breath and stools
NAME
symptoms include prolonged diarhia sometimes lasting weeks, abdonimal pain, flatulence, and odor of H2S can be dected in breath and stools
Giardiasis
How does one kill cyts that are in the water or food? (3)
(1)by boiling (2)ozone (3)iodine
T or F
cholirnation kills cysts
false
NAME
is treated w quinacrine or metronidazole
Giadriasis
NAME WHETHER VIRUS, PROTOZAON, BACTERIA, or NEITHER
Amboebic dysentery
Protozon
What causes Amoebic dystentry?
Enatmoeba histolytica
NAME
is caused by Entamoeba histolytica
amoebic dysentery
Where does amoebic dysentery ocur?
world wide but in the tropic and subtropics
NAME
ocurs worldwide but in the tropics and subtropics
amoebic dysentery
How is amoebic dysentery passed on?
passed on from humans from water to food contaminated w feces or oral and sexual practices
NAME
is passed on from humans from water to food contaminated w feces or oral and sexual practices
amoebic dysentery
What is the lifecycle of the Entamoeba Histoyltica? (4)
(1)cysts pass through the stomach unharmed (2) enter the instestines, the cyst germinates into a large multnucleate amoeba and divdes (3)It migrates to the large instestine where it colonizes the instestinal surface w possible pentration of the linings of the instestine (4) enters the liver, lungs, and skin (5)Cysts are formed in the feces and pass out of the body
For Entamoebia histolyctia, what happens to it when it enters the stomach?
the cysts are unharmed
What happens to the Entamoebia histolyctia when it enters the instestines?
the cyst germinates to form a large multnucleate ameba and divdes
What happens t the Entamoebia histolyctia as it enters the large instestines?
(1)it colonizes the instestinal surface w possible pentration of the linings of the instestine then enters the liver, lungs, and skin
What happens to the Entamoebia histrolyctia after it affects the large instestine, the liver, lungs, and the skin?
cysts are forme in the feces and it is passed out of the body
What is dysentery?
diarrhea accompanied by blood or mucous
NAME
is blood mucous filled stools
dysentery
What are the symptosm for Amoebic dysentery? (5)
(1)abdominal pain (2)diarrhea (3)dysentery (4)wieght loss and dehydration (5)90% of the infections are mild or asymptomatic w some strains more aggresive than others
NAME
symptoms include abdonimal pain, diahria, dysentery, weight loss, dehydration, if untreated death ocurs, 90% of the symtptoms are asymptomatic w some strains that are more agressive than others
Amoebia dysentrey
How does one prevent amoebia dysentrey?
(1)sanitaion and sewage treatments (2)curtailing the use of human feces as fertilzers (3)night soil (4)reduce sexual practices (5)vaccine in devolpment
NAME
prevenation measures include sanitation, sewage treatment, curtailing the use of human feces as fertilizer, night soil, sexual practices, and a vaccine is devolpment
Amoebic dysentery
What happens if Amoebic dystentery is not treated?
death
How is one treated w Amoebic dystentery?
amebicidal drugs and high doses of electroyltes
NAME
is treated w amebidical drugs and high doses of electroyltes
Amoebic dystentry
What are some genreal charcarcteristics of Helmintic diseases of the digestive system?(3)
(1)not uniceullar but need microscopic to see (2)apprearnace of a eggs and larvae (3)presence of hooks, suckers or other speacil structures
NAME
not uniceullar but need microscopic to see and have the apprearnace of eggs and larvae. There is the presence of hooks, suckers or other speacil structures
Helmintic diseases of the digestive system
What are two types of prinicpal organs of the digestive system?
(1)GI tract (2)Acessory Organs
What is the GI tract? (5)
(1)the mouth (2)the phanrx (3)esophagus (4)stomach (5)instestine
NAME
includes the mouth, the pharnx, esophagus, stomach, and instestine
GI tract
What does GI tract stand for?
Gastrointestinal tract
Another name for the GI tract is (1)
Alimentry tract
Another name for the (1) is Alimentry tract
GI tract
What are the acessory organs?
(1)teeth (2) tongue (3)salivary glands (4)liver (5)gallbladder (6)pancreas
NAME
includes the teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas
accesary organs
NAME
can produce secretions that are conveyed by ducts into it
acessary ograns execpt the tongue and teeth
is there lost of microbiota in the digestive tract?
yes
What part of the digestive tract has few mircobes?
(1)stomach (2)small intestines
T or F
the stomach and the small insstines contain many microbes
False
Why doesnt the stomach or small intestines have few microbes?
bc of the hydrochloric acid produced by the stomach and rapid movement of food through the small intestines
What organ of the digestive tract has the most microbes?
large intestine
NAME
the large intestine has the least amount of microbes
false
The large intestine can only have what type of microbes? (2)
(1)anaerobes (2)faculative anaerobes
How microbes normally transmitted to the digestive tract?
by ingestion
Dental Caries refers to (1)
cavites
NAME
is the most common infectious disease in deveoloped countries where the diet contains relatively large amounts of refined sugar
dental caries
Dental caries is the most common (1)
infectious disease in devoloped countries where the diet contains relatively large amounts of sugar
What types of sugar cause dental carries?
sucrose
What is plaque?
coating of bacteria, slime, and protien on tooth enamel
NAME
coating of bacteria, slime, and protien on tooth enamel
plague
What is pellicle?
are + charged protiens in the slavia that adhere to the - charged enamel to form a film over the tooth
NAME
are + charged protients in the slavia that adhere to the - charged enamel to form a film over the tooth
pellicle
(1) and (2) attatch to the pellicle and metablize sucrose
(1)Streptoccoi (2)acionmyctes
Streoticcoi and actinmyctes attach to the (1) and metablize (2)
(1)pellicle (2)sucrose
Describe how bacteria metablize surcose. Draw a diagram
Sucrose
glucose fructose
Dextran latic acid
slime etches away
the enamel
Seconday invasion by (1) and (2) which can also metbalize sugar producing acids
(1)lactobacilli (2)spirochetes
Describe the disease process of dental carries?
(1) acidifaction and caitation causes dental caries which then causes tooth destruction
(1) causes dental carries which leads to tooth destruction
Acidification and caivation
Sugars diffuse through (1) and acids are (2)
(1)plague (2)trapped
What happens to the sugar that the bacteria breaks down to form cavities?
(1)the sugars diffuse through the plague but the acids are trapped
(1) account for much tooth decay
Sugars and Staphlyococcus mutagens
What accounts for much of the tooth decay? (2)
sugars and staphlococcus mutagens
T or F
starch can cause many cavities
false
Do people on high starch diets have lots of dental caries?
no
How are dental caries treated?
by removing decay and filling the cavity w amalgam (a mixture of Hg and other metals)
By removing decay and filling the cavity w amaigam, a mixture of Hg and other metals, is a treament for (1)
Dental caries
What are four ways to prevent dental caries? (4)
(1)limiting sugar intake, brushing, and flossing (2)floride (3)sealents (4)vaccine
Limiting sugar intake, brushing, and flossing, floride, sealents, and vaccine are means to prevent (1)
dental caries
How does floride work to get to prevent dental caries? (2)
(1)inhibits the bacterial enzymes that produce phosphates (2)hardens surface enamel of teeth which prevents acid pentration
What are sealants?
sealing of teeth w methacrulate
NAME
is sealing of teeth w methaarcylate
sealants
What vaccine is given for dental caries?
genetically engineed Lactobacillus seae and Sthalpcoccus mutagens clump
vaccine for (1) is a gentically enigneered Lactobacilli seae and S mutagens clump
sealants
(1) prevents tooth decay
sugarless gum
sugarless gum prevents (1)
tooth decay
Gum can (1) and (2)
(1)remove food particles (2)stimulates salvia which contains lysoyme
NAME
removes food particles and stimulates salvia containing lysosyme
gum
When might periodontal disease ocur?
may come w age as the gums recede
NAME
is a disease that may come w age as the gums recede even in indviduals w out a history of dental caries
periodontal disease
Do you have to have a history of dental caries to get periodontal diseases?
no
NAME
inflammation and degenration of structures that support the teeth
periodontal disease
what is periodontal disease?
the inflammation and degenration of structures that support the teeth
What are the two extens of periodontal disease?
(1)Gingivitis (2)Periodonitis
What is gingivits?
when a infection is restricted to the gums
NAME
is when a infection is restricted to the gums
gingivitis
NAME WHETHER VIRUS, BACTERIA, FUNGI, PROTOZOAN, AND NEITHER.
dental caries
Bacteria
NAME
bleeding of gums w brushing
gingivitis
NAME
ocurs in almost everyone at some time
gingivits
What causes gingivitis?
(1)streptoccoi (2)actinomycetes (3)anaerobic bacteria
NAME
is caused by streptoccoi, actinomycetes, and anaerobic bacteria
gingivitis
What are the symtpoms of periodontisis?
(1)when the gums are inflamed, bleed easily (2)pus pocketscan form around the teeth (3)infections progresses towards the root tips (4)bone and tissue that support teeth are destroyed (5)not usally painful
NAME
symptoms include gums are inflamed, bleed easily, pus pockets can form around the teeth, infection of progresses towards the root tips, bone tissue that support the teeth are destroyed and is not usally painful
periodontisis
NAME
is responsible for 10% tooth loss in older adults
periodontisis
How is periodtisis treated?
(1)treated either by surgical elmination of the pus pockets (2)speacilizeed cleaning techniques on the tooth surfaces are normally protected by the surfaces normally protected by the gums or (3)taking coenzyme Q10
NAME
is treated by surgical removal of pus pockets, or specailzed cleaning techniques on the tooth surface nromally procted by the gums or taking coenzyme Q10
periodtisis
Vincent's disease is also called (1)
Trench disease
Trench disease is another name for (1)
Vincents disease
What is Vincents disease?
acute necroticing ulcerative gingivtis
NAME
is acute necrooticing ulcerative gingivtis
Vincents disease
NAME
more serious w pain that accompanies chewing
Trench mouth
How do you treat trench mouth?
w oxidxing agents and antiboitcs may help
NAME
treatments include oxidzing agents and antibiotics may be helpful
Trech mouth
What are the two kinds of bacateria diseases of the lower digestive system?
(1)infection (2)intoxication
What is the infection?
the pathogen enters the GI tract and multiplies w a delay
NAME
the pathogen enters the GI tract and multiplies w a delay
infection
What are the symptoms of a infection? (2)
(1)12 hrs to 2 weeks in symptoms while pathogen increases and invades tissue (2)usally a symptoms are accompanied by fever
NAME
12 to 2 weeks in symptoms while pathogen increases and invades the tissue and usally symptoms are accompanied by a fever
infection
What is intoxication?
is the ingestion of a preformed toxin producing sudden appearance of symptoms w no fever
NAME
is the ingestion of a preformed toxin producing sudden appearance of a symptoms w no fever
infection
Intoxication and infection can cause (1), (2)and 3 usally (3)
(1)dipthera (2)dystentry (3)abdonimal cramps, nausea and vomiting
(1) and (2) can cause dipthera, dystentry, and usally abdonimal cramps, nausea, and vomiting
infection and intoixation
NAME
is diarrhea accompanied by blood or mucous
dysentery
What is gastroenterisits?
inflammation of the stomach and intestinal mucosa
NAME
is the inflammation of the stomach and intestinal mucosa
gastroentertis
(1)is a major factor in infant mortailty rate w 1 in 10 deaths before 5 yrs of age
Diarhea
What is one way to treat infants w diarhea?
Rehydration treatment
How causes Staphlyococal food poisning?
ingestion of enterotoxin produced by coaglase + Staphlococcus aureus
NAME
food poising caused by the ingestion of enteroxin prodcued by coaglase + Staphlococcus aureus
Stahphlococcal food poisning
The pathogens produced by Staphlpoccal food posining are resistant to (1), (2), and (3)
(1)evironmental stresses (2)drying and radiation (3)high osmotic pressures
NAME
these pathogens prodcued are resistant to evironmental stresses, drying and radiation and high osmotic pressure
staphlococcal food poisning
What foods have a high risk of giving you a stahpococcal food poisining? (3)
(1)cream pies, custards, and ham that are not refigrated (2)food cooked, handled and not refrigarted
NAME
if a person gets food poising from eating custard pie that was left out. what do they have most likely?
staphyloccal food poisning
temperature abuse can lead to (1)
intoxication
What is the key to preventing stahplococcal food poisning?
refrigetration
What are the symptoms of stahphlococcal food poisning?
toxin triggers the brain's vomiting reflex center by 1 to 6 hours after eating (2)stomach cramps and diahrea follow (3)recovery is usally complete in 24 hours
NAME
symptoms include toxins that trigger the brains vomiting relflex center by 1-6 hours after eating. Followed next by stomach cramps, and diahrea. In additon, recovery usally takes 24 hours
Staphloccoal food poisning
Shigellosis is also called (1)
Bacillary dysentry
What are the symptoms of Shigellosis? (3)
(1)an infection w mild dysentry (2)bacteria is acid tolerant, grow in small instenstine but damage to the intestnal mucosa of the large instestine forming abscesses (3)usally does not spread to the bloodstream
NAME
symptoms include a infection w mild dysentry. The bacteria is acid tolerant, grows in the small instestine but can casue damage to the intestinal mucosa of large instestine forming abcesses. it is usally not spread to the blood
Shigellosis
NAME WHETHER VIRUS, BACTERIA, FUNGI, PROTOZOAN, OR NEITHER

shigellosis
bacteria
What causes shigellosis?
4 different species of shigella
NAME
is caused by four different species of shigella
shigellosis
Salmonellosis is also called (1)
Salmonella Gastroenteritis
(1) is also called Salmonella Gastroneteritis
Salmonellosis
What causes Salmonellosis?
two different species of Salmonella
NAME
is caused by two different species of salmonella
Salmonellosis
Where is the bacteria that causes Salmonellosis found?
(1)instetsinal tracts of animals (2)poultry (3)eggs (4)egg products (5)pet reptiles
What is the major source of the bacteria that causes Salmonellosis?
(1)eggs and (2) pet reptiles
How is the Salmonella transmitted to humans?
bacteria are transmitted to the eggs before they are laid so eggs should be cooked througly
What are some unsuspected sources of Salmonellosis? (2)
(1)cookie batter (2)Caesar salad
T or F
Shigellosis can pass into the blood and affect organs
false
How are shiellosis and Salmonellosis different?
Shigella does not bass into the blood (2)Salmoellosis can pass into the blood and lymph and from there can infect many organs
NAME
can pass into the blood and lymph nodes infecting organs
Salmonellosis
What causes Gastroenteritis?
Escherichia Coli
NAME
is caused by Escherichia coli
Gastroenteritis
NAME BACTERIA
pathogenic strains have speacilized fimbriae that allow binding to specific instestinal cells
Escherichia coli
NAME WHETHER VIRUS, BACTERIA, FUNGI, PROTOZOAN, OR NEITHER

Gastroenteritis
Bacteria
What are the three different strains of E coli?
(1)enterotoxin stain (2)enteroinvasive strain (3)enterohemorrhagic strain
What is the enterotoxin strain?
is not invasive but forms an enterotixin that produces a watery diarhea
what is the enteroinvasive strain of e coli?
simlar to shigella dystnery (2)invasion and ulceration of the mucosa of the large intestine
NAME
is simlar to shigella dyentery invasion. overall, is the invasion and ulceration of the mucoas of the large intestine
enteroinvaisve strain of e coli
NAME
is not invasive but forms a entertoxin that produces a watery diarhea and can cause travlers and infant diahraa
entertoxin strain of e coli
What is interohemorrhagic strain of e coli??
0157:H7
NAME
0157:h7
interhemorrhagic strain of e coli
NAME
ocassionly inhabitant in the intestinal tract of animals but does not cause damage to the aniamal
e coli
NAME
toxins produce hermorrhagic colitis and in serious cases heomolyic urenic syndrome
interhemorrhagic strain of e coli
the interhemorrhagic strain of e coli can produce toxins called (1) and in serious cases the e coli can cause (2)
(1)herrmorrhaic drifts (2)hemolytic uremic syndrome
What is hemolytic uremic syndrome?
is blood in the urine leading to kidney faliure
NAME
is blood in the urine leading to kidney faliure
hemolytic uremic syndrome
NAME
some cases are linked to uncooked meat but most traced to raw alalfa sprouts
enterherrmorrhagic strains of e coli
Most cases of enterhemorrhaic strains of e coli have been linked to (1)
raw alfalfa sprouts
NAME WHETHER BACTERIA, VIRUS, PROTOZAN, FUNGI, OR NEITHER

Helicobacter peptic ucler disease
helicobacter pylori
Helicobacter pylori, this microbe is responsible for (1) and (2)
(1)Helicobacter peptic ulcer disease (2)stomach cancer
What is the leading food borne illness in the USA?
Campylobacter Gastroenteritis
Campylobacter Gasteroenteritis is the leading (1)
food borne illnes in the USA
Most cases of Campylobactor Gastroenteritis have been caused by (1)
raw or uncooked poultry
NAME
most cases are associated w raw or uncooked poultry
Camplobactor Gastroenteritis
What are the symptoms of camplobacter Gastroenteritis? (3)
(1)ilness begins w 2-5 days (2)fever, cramping abdonimal pain, diarhea or dysentry (3)recovery is usally in a week
NAME
symptoms include illness begins w 3 days. includes fever, cramping abdonimal pain, diarhea or dysentry and recovery usally in a week
camplobacter Gastroenteritis
What is a unusal complication of Camplobactor Gastroenteritis?
Guillain-Barre syndrome
What is Guillain-Barre syndrome?
a tempory paralysis
NAME
is a tempory paralysis
Guillain-Barre syndrome
NAME
a unusal complication is that it can cause Guillain-Barre syndrome
Compobacter Gastroenteritis
NAME WHETHER BACTERIA, PROTOZOAN, VIRUS, FUNGI, OR NEITEHR

Campylobactor gastroentertisis
bacteria
What causes Halicobacter Peptic Ulcer disease?
helicobacter pylori
NAME
is caused by helicobacter pylori
Helipbacter Peptic ulcer disease
NAME
only problem is when food is not properly pasteruized then one can get this disease
listeriosis
NAME
indivudals w O blood type are more susceptable
Helicobacter Peptic ulcer disease
Who is more suceptbale for helicobacter Peptic ulcer disease?
indivudials w O type blood
NAME
this microbe is responsible for causing Helicobacter peptic ucler disease and stomach cancer
helicobacter pylroi
What is a treatment for helicobacter peptic ulcer disease?
triple therpay
NAME
is treated w triple therapy
helicobacter peptic ucler disease
What is triple therpay?
two antibotics plus a anitacid
NAME
includes two anitbotics and a antiacid
triple therpay
What causes listeriosis?
listeria monocytogenes
NAME
is caused by listeria monocytogenes
listeriosis
NAME WHETHER IT IS CAUSED BY BACTERIA, PROTOZONA, VIRUS, FUNGI, OR NEITHER

listerosis
bacteria
NAME
is usally food-borne and can grow at refrigerator temps
listeriosis
NAME
the main source of this disease is milk
listeriosis
What is the main source of listeriosis?
milk
T or F
listeriosis is a instestnal illness
false
NAME
can cause spontaeous abortions, stillbirths, speticmea, and meningits
Listeriosis
Listeriosis can cause (1) to fetus
spontaeous abortions, stillbirths, specicmea, and meninigits
What is hepatitis?
inflammation of the liver
NAME
is the inflammation of the liver
hepatitis
What are symptopms of hepatitis?
necrosis of hepatocytes and swelling disruption of excretion of bile pigments accumalte in the blood and tissues causing jaundice
NAME
necrosis of hepatocytes and swelling disruption of excretion of bile pigments accumalte in the blood and tissues causing jaundice
hepatitis
What are the three types of viral hepatitis?
hepatitis A, B, and C
NAME WHETHER PROTOZON, VIRUS, BACTERIA, FUNGI, OR NEITHER

hepatitis
virus
What is hepatitis A?
infectious hepatitis
NAME
infectious hepatitius
hepatitis A
Who gets hepatitus A? (2)
(1)children are the vicitms in devolping countries (2)white adults in N america and Europe
NAME
children are the victims of this disesae in devolping countries and white adult ins N america and Europe
hepatitus A
What happens to the heptatis A virus once it is ingested?
(1)is carried to the small instestines where it multlpies during an incubation period (2)virus is shed in the feces and at some point it enters the blood and is carried to the liver
NAME
swalled virus to the small intestine, where it multpies during an incubation period of two to six weeks. The virus is then shed in the feces and during some time enters the blood and is carried to the liver
Hepatitis A
How is hepatitis A transmited? (3)
(1)fecal oral route (2)shellfish (3)oral-anal sex practices
NAME
is transmited by the fecal oral route, shellfish, and oral-anal sex practices
hepatitis A
Whith whome is hepatitis A associated?
people w poor personal hygine
NAME
is associated with people w poor personal hygine
hepatitis A
NAME
this virus is resistant to chlorine levels used in water
hepatitiis A
What is hepatititis A resisant to?
chlornation
What is the reserivor for Hepatitis A?
short term asymptomatic carriers
NAME
the reservior for this disease is short term asymptomatic carriers
hepatitis A
What are the signs of hepatitis A?
(1)Leukenia is elvelated
NAME
is a patient has increased levels of the liver enzyme leukopenia in their blood. what do they have?
Hepatitis A
What are the symptoms of Hepatitis A? (4)
(1)acute onset fever (2)jandice (3)nausea and vomiting (4)rarely leading to complications
NAME
symptoms include acute onset fever, nausea, and vomiting which rarely leads to complications
Hepatitis A
NAME
this has typical lytic damage to the host cell
hepatitis A
What is the new vaccine for hepatisis?
a combo of hepatitis A and B
NAME
there is widespread immunity for this disease found in the normal population
Hepatitis A
What are immunogoublins?
antibodies
NAME
if found early and treated w immunogoblins then symptoms can be greatly reduced
hepatitis A
Where is hepatitis A a major problem?
in day care centers
NAME
this disease is a major problem for day care centers
Hepatitis A
NAME
bc sewage was contaminating clams there was a major outbreak of these disease in Shellfish in China
Hepatitis A
Why is hepatitis B called transfusion Hepatitis?
bc it is transmited by the blood
What are two other names for hepatitis B? (2)
(1)serum hepatitis (2)transfusion hepatitis
What can happen to the fetus if the moteher has heptetatius B?
prediposes them to chronic liver dysfunction and cancer
NAME
if there is infection of the newborn of this disease, it predisposes them to chronic liver and cancer
Hepatitis B
Which heptaitis is a STD?
Hepatitis B
Is hepatitiatis B a STB?
yes
How is hepatitiatis B transmited?
by the blood, blood products, saliva and secium
NAME
is transmitted by the blood, blood products, saliva, and secium
Heptatitis B
What are some easy ways that Heptatitis B is transmited?
by toothbush, (2)razor (3)mosquitos (4)tattos (5)Body piercings
NAME
is easily transmited by toothbrushes, razor, mosquitos, tattos, needless guns, and even body piercings
heptatitis B
What is the only reliable method for destroying the hepatistis Virus?
autoclaving
For heptatitis B (1) focuses on preventation of the disease
control
NAME
this vaccine is recommonde at birth and is required to get into the seventh grade
Hepatitis B
when would you be at high risk for a Heptaititis B? (3)
(1)if you were going far east (2)homosexual (3)someone w Heptatitits in your household

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