History ID Terms
Terms
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- Sit Down Strikes
- These were strikes in which workers sat down in the workplace to prevent strike-breakers from working
- The Big Red Scare 1919-1920
- The red scare was the fear and hatred on Communists and other radical groups. Strikes in 1919, the popularity of Communism in Europe and the depression caused an anti-left campaign in the U.S. It produced laws forbidding advocacy of violence. Factory owners took advantage of the scare by limiting union powers
- Criminal Syndicalist Laws
- Laws passed in states that outlawed syndicalism in response to anti-left sentiments from the red scare
- Volstead Act 1919
- Created a Prohibition Bureau within the treasury dept. It also attempted to enforce prohibition, but was under budgeted and ineffective
- KDKA, Pittsburgh 1920
- White supremacy, nativist, reactionary group that was against foreigners, Catholics, Jews and blacks. They had 5 million members by 1924 and dominated the political scene in the south. Later, the organization spread to other states. Their decline came soon after because of corruption
- Election of 1920
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Democratic nominee: James M. Cox- pushed for Leage of Nations
Republican nominee: Warren Harding- stressed return to normalcy.
Socialist candidate: Eugene Debs reciev ed nearly a million votes while in prison. Harding won by a landslide on the Return to Normalcy program with no U.S. participation in the League - Norris Muscle Shoals Bill 1920
- Proposed the development of the Tennessee Valley and the construction of govt.-owned electric power plants. These plants would then compete with private companies and force private plants to lower their prices
- Veteran's Bureau 1921
- Created to administer pensions and give free hospitalization to veterans disabled during WW1
- Bureau of Budget 1921
- Created to halp the president plan a budget to be approved by congress. Helped reduce WW1 war debts
- Capper-Volstead Act 1921
- Exempted farming cooperatives from anti-trust legislation
- Emergency Quota Act 1921
- Act that limited new immigration by limiting yearly immigration to 3% of the population of a specific nationality living in the U.S. in 1910
- Federal Farm Board 1929
- Helped farmers by designating $500 million that could be loaned to farming cooperatives
- Norris-LaGuardia Anti-Injunction Act 1932
- Outlawed yellow dog contracts that were intended to restrict strikes.
- Return to Normalcy
- Harding's campaign slogan in the election of 1920. It was part of a reactionary movement against progressif=vism and resulted in the ultra-conservative politics of the 1920's
- Alfred E. Smith
- Liberal Democrat who was against a candidate in the election of 1928. He was Catholic and against prohibition
- The lost Generation
- Group of young American writers who gathered in Paris after WW1. They wrote about rebellious people, criticized society and attacked materialism.
- Henry L. Mencken
- Editor of The American Mercury, a magazine which reflected anger from betrayes idealists of the progressive movement
- Throdore Dreiser
- Wrote the American Tragedy, a book about the murder of a pregnant working girl by her ambitious lover
- Sinclair Lewis
- Wtore Main Street in 1920, a book that critixizes the hypocrisy of the people on small midwest farms. He wrote Babbit in 1922, which described the greed of business
- Bruce Barton
- New York Businessman who wrote The Man Nobody Knows in 1926. It suggested that Jesus was the greatest adman because he turned fishermen into apostles. Barton suggested using him as a model
- Carl Sandburg
- He was a bibliographer, pacifist, historian, and a poet who searched for meaning in American history. He won a pulitzer prize for a four-volume biography of Abe Lincoln that portrayed the president as a heroic figure in U.s. history
- Modernism
- it was a belief in the scientific explanation of the creation and figurative interpretation of the bible. this was the contempmorary way of thinking by the educated who used reason and experiments fo find out the truth
- Sigmund Freud
- He was a neurologist who developed psychoanalysis. He developed ideas on how the human mind works. He emphasized the importance of unconscious motives in behavior and divided the mind into the id, ego, and superego. He also justified the new sexual freedoms of the 1920's
- Fundamentalism
- This is the belief in the divine inspiration of every word in the Bible, the Genesis version of creation, and the resurrection of Jesus. This was the traditional way of thinking held by most people
- William A. Sunday
- He was an evangelist who preached revivalism, emphasizing individual faith rather than church doctrine
- Henry Ford
- He manufactured a gasoline-powered automobile and imporved the assembly line for mass production.
- The Birth of a Nation 1915
- It was a movie which promoted the resurrection of the KKK. It used revolutionary filming tequniques
- The Jazz Singer 1927
- Staring Al Jonson, this was the first talkie, ending the era of silent films. Sound was recorded onto a record and the picture and sound were played together simultaneously
- Babe Ruth, Ty Cobb, Jack Dempsey
- They were the first professional athletes who became larger than life celebrities. Their presence began an era of hero and idol worshipping
- The Harlem Renaissance
- an outpouring of black literature during the 1920's. It centered on the experiences of blacks in Northern cities and the rural South
- Langston Hughes
- He was the most famous of the Harlem Renaissance writers who was a poet and short writer who expressed the despair of blacks and demanded social justice. He wrote the Weary Blues in 1926
- Knox Resolution 1921
- Treaty between the U.S. and Germany that formally ended WW1
- Marcus Garvey
- Black leader who started the back to africa movement. He urged black economic cooperation and founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) which operated a chain of grocery stores and other businesses
- Emergency Tariff Act 1921
- This tariff was an attempt by the U.S. to protect home industries. It established huge tariff walls and raised duties on agricultural products in an effort to deter foreign products from entering the U.S.
- Fordney-McCumber Tarrif 1922
- This tarrif raised duties on imports and began a trend of high protection. It also allowed the President to raise or lower duties by some 50% and caused economic chaos in europe because U.S. markets were needed to rebuild european economies
- Daws Plan 1924
- Proposed by charles Dawes, it attempted to facilitate German reparation payments. By loaning $2100 million in gold bullion to Germany, the U.S. and its other Allies hoped to stabilize the German economy so that the Germans could pay off their debts
- Kellogg-Griand pact 1928
- pact signed by 62 nations who agreed to use war only for defensive purposes. It gave a false sense of security
- London Naval conference 1930
- This was a five power conference that defined limitations of battleships and submarine tonnage. France, Italy, and later Japan rejected the treaty
- Young Plan 1929
- Proposed by a committee chair, Owen Young, this plan removed allied economic control over Germany and reduced German reparations ot $16 billion