ANT 301 - Ch. 10
Terms
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- What is the time period for archaic H. sapiens?
- 400,000 - 100,000 y.a.
- Archaic H. sapiens (define)
- Earlier forms of H. sapiens (including Neandertals) differing from H. erectus but lacking the full set of characteristics of modern H. sapiens
- Anatomically modern H. sapiens (define)
-
All modern humanids and some fossil forms, dating as early as 200,000 y.a.; defined by a set of derived characteristics, including:
cranial architecture
lack of skeletal robusticity
Usually classified at the subspecies level as H. sapiens sapiens - List four morphological changes found in archaic H. sapiens compared with H. erectus:
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1) Brain expansion
2) Increased parietal breadth (base portion of skull no longer widest part)
3) Decrease in molar size
4) General decrease in cranial and post cranial robusticity. - archaic H. sapiens fossils have been found on which continents?
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Africa
Asia
Europe - Neandertals are found ONLY in:
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Europe
Western Asia - Name the location of the four sites NOT in Europe where archaic H. sapiens have been found:
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AFRICA
-Bodo
-Broken Hill
CHINA
-Dali
-Jnniushan - For the find in BODO(Africa): What are the dates, the objects found, and two important comments?
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DATES:
-Middle Pleistocene (600,000)
FOUND:
-Incomplete skull, part of braincase
COMMENTS:
-Resembles Broken Hill find.
-First Evidence of scalping. - For the find at BROKEN HILL(Africa): What are the dates, the objects found, and important comments?
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DATES:
-Late Middle Pleistocene (>130,000)
FOUND:
-Nearly complete cranium
-Cranial fragments from 2nd individual
-Misc. postcranial bones
COMMENTS:
-Massive browridge, low vault, prominent occipital torus, cranial capacity within range of modern H. sapiens - For the find at DALI (China): What are the dates, the objects found, and important comments?
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DATES:
-Late Middle Pleistocene (230,000 - 180,000)
OBJECTS:
-Nearly complete skull
COMMENTS:
-Robust supraorbital ridge, low vault, retreating forehead, canine fossa - For the find at JINNIUSHAN (China): What are the dates, the objects found, and two important comments?
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DATES:
-Late Middle Pleistocene (200,000)
OBJECTS:
-Partial skeleton, incl. cranium
COMMENTS:
-Thin cranial bones - Name the four sites in EUROPE at which early archaic H. sapiens have been found:
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Arago (France)
Atapuerca (Sima de los Huesos - Spain)
Steinheim (Germany)
Swanscombe (England) - For the find at ARAGO (Europe: What are the dates, the objects found, and important comments?
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DATES:
-400,000 - 300,000 (uncertain)
OBJECTS:
-Face, parietal, cranial fragments, up to 23 individuals
COMMENTS:
-Thick supraorbital torus, pronounced alveolar prognathism, parietal resembals Swanscombe. - The parietal from ARAGO resembles that found in ______.
- Swanscombe
- For the find at ATAPUERCA (Europe): What are the dates, the objects found, and two important comments?
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DATES:
-320,000 - 190,000
FOUND:
-At least 32 individuals, some nearly complete crania
COMMENTS:
-Several resemblances to Neandertals, oldest evidence of deliberate disposal of dead, largest sample of archaic H. sapiens at any site. - At what site is the oldest evidence of deliberate disposal of the dead by archaic H. sapiens found?
- Atapuerca (Sima de los Huesos - Spain)
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1) What site has the largest sample of archaic H. sapiens?
2)How many? -
1) Atapuerca (Sima de los Huesos - Spain)
2) At least 32 individuals - For the find at STEINHEIM (Europe): What are the dates, the objects found, and important comments?
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DATES:
-Mindel-Riss Interglacial (300,000-250,000)
OBJECTS:
-Nearly complete skull (lacking mandible)
COMMENTS:
-Bones thick like H. erectus, occipital resembles Neandertal - At what sites have Neandertals been found?
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EUROPE: Vindija, Krapina, La Chapelle
ASIA: Shanidar, Tabun - What was found at Vindija?
- (Neandertal) 35 specimens, almost all cranial fragments
- What location has the best evidence from southeastern Europe of later Neandertals?
- VINDIJA (Croatia)
- Where was the most famous Neandertal discovery?
- LA CHAPELLE
- What Neandertal remains were found at La Chapelle?
- Nearly complete adult male skeleton.
- At what site did the Neandertal individuals discovered have severe trauma and other pathologies?
- SHANIDAR (Iraq)
- At what site was an almost complete skeleton of an adult female Neandertal found? This site is among the oldest Neandertal discoveries.
- TABUN (Israel)
- At what Neandertal discovery site is there evidence of human bone processing?
- KRAPINA (Croatia)
- Chatelperronian
- Pertaining to an Upper Paleolithic tool industry found in France and Spain, containing blade tools and associated with Neanderthals.
- Flexed
- The position of the body in a bent orientation, with the arms and legs drawn up to the chest.
- Mousterian
- Pertaining to the stone tool industry associated with Neanderthals and some modern H. sapiens groups; also called Middle Paleolithic.
- Upper Paleolithic
- A cultural period usually associated with early modern humans (but also associated with Neanderthals) and distinguished by technological innovation in various stone tool industries. Best known from western Europe, similar industries are also known from central and eastern Europe and Africa.