Pharm Antihist/cort/nsaids
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- What are antihistamines
- a group of drugs that inhibit the actions of histamine
- what cells release histamine
- mast cell
- what is the major use of antihistamines
- dermatology and allergies
- what are some examples of histamine liberators
- morphine and xray contrast
- what are some of the reactions to the release of histamine
- pruritius, hypotension, constriction of bronchioles
- what is hypotension
- low blood pressure
- what is the major use for antihistamines in dogs
- atopy(allergies)
- what percentage of allergies respond to antimistamines
- 30%
- why should antihistamines be the first drug to use
- they are proven safer than glucocorticoids
- what are some of the clinical uses of antihistamines
- pruritis, urticaria (hives), laminitis (p3 rotation), motion sickness, anaphylactis shock, reverse sneeze syndrome, heaves in horses, and urti
- name the 5 side effects associated with antihistamines
- sedation, cns excitation, birth defects, decrease in secretions, agranulocytosis
- what other group of drugs should not be given to an animal that is on antihistamines
- anticonvulsant drugs
- what is the trade name of diphenhydramine
- Benadryl
- what forms is Diphenhydramine (Benadryl R) available in
- cap, elixir, and injectable
- what drug is not as effective on skin problems, but is reported to have an effect on heaves
- chlorpheniramine (Chlor-trimetron R)
- what AH has some pain relief effects, causes relaxation of the skeletal muscles, and has less side effects that classical AHs?
- hydroxyzine HCL (Atarax R)
- what is the generic name of Seldane
- Terfenadine
- what is a popular motion sickness drug for humans that is also used in animals
- dimenhydrinate (Dramamine R)
- what is the trade name of pyrilamine maleate
- Histavet R
- What are corticosteroids used for in vet med
- inflammation, pruritis, shock, and immune mediated dz
- what does the adrenal cortex produce
- natural corticosteroids
- what does the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis control
- the release of corticosteroids
- how are the corticosteroids produced that are used clinically
- synthetically
- what are the two groups of corticosteroids
- Mineralocorticoids and Glucocorticoids
- what do mineralocorticoids regulate
- electrolyte and water balance
- what mineralocorticoid is produced naturally in the body
- Aldosterone
- what does the mineralocorticoid Aldosterone cause
- release in the body causes retention of sodium in the tubles of the kidney.
- what is a synthetic mineralocorticoid used in replacement therapy
- Fludrocortisone acetate (Florinef R)
- What is the dz associated with the lack of Aldosterone
- Addisons DZ
- what are the actions of glucocorticoids
- anti inflammatory, immunosuppressant
- what do glucocordicoids influence
- carbohydrates, fat and protein metabolism
- what is phagocyte chemotaxis
- a chemical call for phagocytes to reduce the bad cells
- what are the two natural glucocorticoids
- Cortisol and corticosterone
- What are prednisone, Prednisolone, Betamethasone, Dexamethasone, methylprednisone and prednisolone sodium succinate
- Synthetic glucocorticoids
- What does the Depo stand for in the drug name Depo-medrol R (methylpredinsolone)
- long acting
- what forms are glucocorticoids availible in
- oral, topical,injectable
- what is Addisons dz
- hypoadrenalcortisism
- what are clinical uses for Glucocorticoids
- allergic reaction, inflam, shock, toxemia, lameness, Addisons, AIHA, inflam ocular dz, lymphocytic neoplasias
- Is pu/pd/pp a long or short term use side effect of corticoids
- short
- what does pp stand for (ie pu/pd/pp)
- polyphagea (over eating)
- What can result iatrogenically from corticoid steroid use
- Cushings dz and Addisons dz (after long term treatment with an abrupt stop)
- why would an animal gain weight from steroid use
- polyphagea and water retention
- what are some cases where you would not give an animal steroids unless absolutely needed?
- if animal is pregnant, it has diabetes, it is immature, its dehydrated, has a healing wound, has a sever infection, or it has corneal ulcers
- what does NSAIDS stand for
- Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory DrugS
- why are NSAIDS perferred over steroids
- because of analgesic and anti pyretic components.
- what age group should NSAIDS be used with caution
- geriatric
- what is the "triple A" effect
- anti-inflammitory, anti-pyretic, analgesic
- are NSAIDS or steroids more effective as an anti inflammitory?
- Steroids
- what are some advantages of NSAIDs
- no steroidal effects (ie pu/pd/pp) no cns suppression, fewer serious side effects
- what is the aim for NSAIDs
- Aim is to use lowest effective dose for as short of a time as possible
- what is the most common problem associated with NSAIDs
- GI bleeding and ulceration
- what are some disadvantages of NSAIDs
- blood abnorm, clotting, decreased renal blood perfusion
- When should you not use a NSAID
- Kidney or liver dz, hypotenion or dehydration, thrombocytopenia, clotting dz, GI ulcerative dz, using corticoids
- what drug is recommended at a one time dose? Why?
- Flunixin Meglumine (Banamine) It has a potental for gastric ulcers and nephrotoxicity
- What is the nick name for Phenulbutazone (Butasolidin)
- Bute
- What is BUTE used for in LAM
- Anti inflammatory
- what are the generic and trade names of asprin
- Ecotrin R, acetylsalicylin acid
- What is special about Ecotrin R
- It has a enteric coating and may prevent or reduce GI irritation
- Why should asprin be given with a RX only.
- Cats are very sensitive. Can cause GI upset in dogs
- What form of Asprin, Ecotrin R, acetylsalicylic acid should be used when needed in vet med
- buffered
- What is DMSO (name) and what is it used for
- Dimethyl Sulfaxide. It is primarily a carrier for other drugs, but has a triple a effect
- Why should you wear gloves when handling DMSO
- It has a garlic taste when it comes into contact with skin.
- How should DMSO be stored
- in an airtight container
- What is the generic name for Rimadayl
- carprofen
- What is carprofen, Rimadyl R used for
- joint pain, bone pain
- Is Rimadyl R approved for use in cats in the US
- No, but is in Europe
- What is naproxen Naprosyn R or Equiproxen labeled for use in
- human and horse
- What is naproxin NaprosynR, EquiproxenR used for
- pain relief, inflammation, lameness
- what is myositis
- inflammation of the muscle
- What are etodolac, EtoGesicR, and Deramaxx used for
- K9 arthritis
- what drug used for osteoarthritis contians glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate and magneses sulfate
- Cosequin R, PetFlex R
- what drug is labeled for horses and dogs is used IM or intraarticularly
- Adequan R
- Arquel R is a oral drug used in what animal
- Horse
- what way is Hyalovet uses
- intra artiular injection
- what 2 things is Seletoc R made of
- Selenium and Vit e
- What is Methocarbamol, Robaxin V
- muscle relaxor
- what are the 2 NSAIDs not used in vet med
- Ibuprofen, Advil R and Acetaminphen, Tylenol R
- what are the symptoms you would see in a cat that has had Tylenol
- Facial Edema, cyanosis, depression, anorexia
- what is Tylenol associated with in dogs
- liver dz
- what is fever
- change in temp set point of CNS
- What are chemical agents that rise the CNS set point resulting in fevers called
- Pyrogens
- What are some pyrogens
- Bacteria, virus, drugs, fungi
- what can be damaged if a fever of over 107 occurs
- liver, kidneys, and CNS
- What are the 3 anti pyretic drugs
- Buffered asprin, Bute, Banamine
- What are supplemental treatments for fever
- Fluids and steroids