Infectious Final!
Terms
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- associated with cervical carcinoma
- HSV2
- herpes labialis
- HSV1
- seen in poorer parts of the world and industrialized western nations
- EBV
- CNS abnormalities can lead to cerebral palsy, epilepsy and impaired hearing and sight
- CMV
- pharyngeal erythema and edema
- HSV1
- blood transfusions-most asymptomatic
- CMV
- photophobia
- HSV2
- B-lymphocytes are target cells
- EBV
- Burkitt's lymphoma
- EBV
- oral conact with fomites contaminated with saliva
- CMV
- Linear, double-stranded DNA
- HSV1, HSV2, CMV, EBV
- nasopharyngeal carcinoma
- EBV
- fever as high as 104 degrees
- EBV
- histopathological lesion is internuclear
- HSV1, HSV2, CMV, EBv
- sexually transmitted
- HSV2
- reproduces in host cell nucleus
- HSV1
- infectious mononucleosis
- EBV
- gingivostomatitis
- HSV1
- interstitial cell pneumonia
- CMV
- inguinal lymphadenopathy
- HSV2
- keratoconjunctivitis
- HSV1
- hepatosplenomegaly jaundice
- CMV
- common cause of worldwide infection; 95% of adults seropositive
- EBV
- herpes neonatorum
- HSV2
- pelvic inflammatory disease
- Neisseria gonorrheae
- opthalmia neonatorum
- Neisseria gonorrheae
- most common manifestation of tertiary syphilis
- aortic aneurysm
- inclusion conjunctivitis may be caused by
-
adults: swimming in an unchlorinated pool, contact with genital secretions
newborns: during passage through the birth canal. -
infectious mono.
it is caused by the same virus that causes African Burkitt's Lymphoma - TRUE
-
infectious mono.
the abmormal circulating cells inflicted are T lymphocytes -
FALSE
B lymphocytes -
infectious mono.
microscopic changes produced in liver changes resemble viral hepatitis - TRUE
-
infectious mono.
exposure in childhood results in asymptomatic infection - TRUE
-
infectious mono.
microscopic changes produced in the lymph nodes resemble hodgkin's disease -
FALSE
(what??) -
sexually transmitted chlamydia produces all of the following problems except:
PID
acute epididymitis
genital elephantiasis
condylomata lata
rectal strictures (ouch!) - CONDYLOMATA LATA
-
ulcerated lesions on the penis occure in the acute form of all of the following STD infecrious diseases except:
herpes genitalis infection
syphilis
chancroid
granuloma inguinale
gonorrhea -
gonorrhea
(has to do mostly with the balls) -
infectious mono.
heterophile antibodies are virtually diagnostic - TRUE
- no chronic carrier state known
- HAV
- possible outcomes of HBV (6)
-
transient subclinical infection
acute hepatitis
fulminant hepatitis
healthy carrier
persistent infection
chronic active hepatitis - most frequent reason for liver transplant in US, may be the leading infectious cause of chronic liver diseases in the western world
- HCV
- superinfection of HBV carrier may be self-limiting or lead to: severe hepatitis w/ high mortality rate & high rate of chronic active hepatitis in survivors
- HDV
- transmission fecal-oral, just like in HAV
- HEV
- STI's, 5 general characteristics
-
-worldwide distribution, humans only reservoir for infection
-most produce chronic sequelae, none evoke permanent protective immunity
-women suffer disporportionately more from STI than males
-most associated with direct sexual contact, a few transmitted verticall in utero (rare) during, or shortly after birth (common)
-in most industrialized nations, incidence has been declining for many years - various stresses may periodically reactivate disease which manifests as a cluster of vesicles around the mucocutaneous junction of the lips
- HSV1
- 2nd most common STD
- gonorrhea
- genital herpes
- HSV2
- common worldwide, 90-95% of people are seropositive
- EBV
- most prevalent STI in the US (20-30 milion affected)
- HPV, anogenital warts/Condyloma acuminatum
- virus ascends lumbar and sacral sensory ganglia
- HSV2
- primary infection may be subclinical but severe disease often occurs, especially in females; oncogenic potential in association with cervical carcinoma
- HSV2
- greatest risk of intrapartum infection associated with active primary maternal infection, herpes neonatorum
- HSV2
- asceptic meningitis- usually mild and self-limiting
- HSV2
- transmission usually via oral contact-kissing. virus present in saliva and B cells
- EBV
-
incubation 4-7 weeks
40 days with oral contraction
2wks with intravenous contraction - infectious mononucleosis/glandular fever
- target cell B lymphocytes
- infectious mononucleosis
- cytomegalovirus/CMV
- HHV5
- are adults with CMV asymptomatic?
- NO
- perinatal infection aquired during delivery or from breast milk
- CMV
- clinically, resembles EBV mononucleosis but does not include pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy and heterophile antibody
- CMV mononucleosis
- once infected, after recovery, virus sheds sporadically for life in saliva and other secretions
- CMV mononucleosis
- oral contact with fomites contaminated with saliva transmits disease
- CMV mononucleosis
- infection of basal cells in stratified squamous epithelium, local proliferation, KOILOCYTOSIS (enlarged vacuolated cytoplasm with shrunken nuclei), lesions in women in transmormation zone b/n cervix & uterus.
- HPV
- atypical forms- flat, assc w/ risk of cervical, penile & anal carcinoma
- anogenital warts/condyloma acuminatum (HPV)
- type 16 accounts for half of cancer cases in US and Europe
- HPV (anogenital warts)
- DNA viruses
- have oncogenic potential, can get into DNA
- what STI is similar to HBV?
-
AIDS, secreted in breast milk (virus shed in breast milk)
blood borne - target cells are those with CD4 receptors (Tcells, macrophages, monocytes & LANGERHANS CELLS)
- AIDS/HIV
- likely vehicles for transport of HIC to lymph nodes and CNS
- macrophages and monocytes
- primary reservoir of infectious HIV virus
- lymph nodes
- middle/chronic/latent phase of AIDS/HIV
- viral replication continues predominantly in lymphoid tissues, 7-10 yrs
- final/crisis phase of AIDS/HIV
-
collapse of host defenses, increase in viremia, prolonged fever, fatique, wt loss, diarrhea.
CD4 cell count <500 (considered AIDS if <200) - AIDS related conditions
-
-kaposi's sarcoma
-B cell lymphomas
-cervical cancer - AIDS indicator infections (account for 80% of mortality)
-
-pneumocystis jiroveci (nee carinii) pneumonia (PCP)
-toxoplasmosis
-cryptosporidiosis
-candidiasis (C. albicans)
-cryptococccis, Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis
-CNV
-HSV
-Mycobacteriosis - leading cause of death amongs HIV positive in some african nations
- TB
- untreated disease spreads to posterior urethra & major glands of genital tract (prostate, seminal vesicles, epididymis, but NOT testis) NO orchitis
- gonorrhea
- may cause STERILITY, gonococcemia and arthritis
- gonorrhea
- most infections are genital but, rectal and pharyngeal also seen
- gonorrhea
- world's leading cause of treatable blindness
- trachoma (infection caused by strain of Chlamydia trachomatis)
- inclusion conjunctivitis- in newborns (passage through canal) & adults (unclorinated pools)
- an infection caused by a strain of Chlamydia trachomatis
- worst case scenario: blocked lymph nodes may lead to elephantiasis of the genitalia, esp. in women
- Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LGV) (caused by Chlamydia)
- syphilis, is a disease of...
- blood vessels and perivascular areas: inflammation nof blood vessel endothelium blocks arteriole lumen causing obliterative endarteritis which underlies all damage seen
- primary lesion of syphilis
- chancre, typically on male penis, female vulva or cervix
- condylomata lata
- flat, reddish brown elevations, 2-3cm diameter with many organisms, appear around moist areas.
- syphilis latent phase
- most infections never progress beyond this point
- syphilis tertiary phase involves...
-
-CV system most commonly, aortic aneurysm
-neurosyphilis
-SYPHILITIC GUMMA=localized lesions of liver, bones, testes, skin with characteristic rubbery, necrotic center. - Non syphilitic treponematoses
- increasingly rare skin diseases geographically resricted to tropics, caused by organisms morphologically identical to T. pallidum. Evoke cross reacting antibodies, spread by non-venereal direct contact, no transplacental transmission.
-
congenital syphilis, marasmic infant
characteristic triad -
1-interstitial keratitis and choroiditis
2-Hutchinson teeth (barrel incisors)
3-8th cranial nerve deafness - Pinta lesions
- most commonly occur on hands, feet, and scalp. initially hyperpigmented, later depigmented in tertiary stage
- Bejel
-
caused by Treponema pallidum endicum (endemic syphilis)
-lesions in oral cavity - chancroid (soft chancre) ulcers
- may predispose one to infection with HIV
- small blisters (strawberry mucosa)
- Trichomoniasis (a protozoan infection)
- loss of normal vaginal acidity predisposes one to symptomatic infection
- trichomoniasis