A&p (PAM)
Terms
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- PUPIL?
- the opening of the center of the iris that regulates the amount of light entering the eye
- DIURESIS?
- the excess formation of urine
- ENDOCRINE?
- secreting into the blood or tissue fluid rather than into a duct opposite of exocrine
- EXOCRINE?
- secreting into a duct, opposite of endocrine
- GIGANTISM?
- a condition produced by hypersecretion of growth homone during the early years of life; results in a child who grows to gigantic size
- GLUCOCORTICOIDS?
- hormones that influence food metabolism; secreted by the adrenal cortex
- GLUCONEOGENESIS?
- formulation of glucose or glycogen from protein or fat compounds
- GLYCOGENOLYSIS?
- hydrolysis of glycogen to glucose-6-phosphate or to glucose
- GOITER?
- enlargement of the thyroid gland
- HORMONE?
- substance secreted by an endocrine gland
- HYPERCALCEMIA?
- a condition in which there is harmful excessive of calcium in the blood
- HYPERGLYCEMIA?
- higher than normal blood glucose concentration
- HYPOGLYCEMIA?
- lower than normal blood glucose concentration
- LUTEINIZATION?
- the formation of a golden body (corpus luteum) in the ruptured follicle
- MINERALOCORTICOIDS?
- hormone that influences mineral salt metabolism, secreted by the adrenal cortex; aldosterone is the chief mineralocorticoid
- MYXEDEMA?
- condition caused by deficiency of thyroid hormone in adults
- NEGATIVE FEEDBACK?
- a method for keeping body conditions within a normal range and maintaining homeostasis
- PROSTAGLANDINS?
- a group of naturally occurring fatty acids that affect many body functions
- SECOND MESSENGER?
- provide communication within a hormone's target cell; for example, cyclic AMP
- STEROIDS?
- category of lipids that includes the hormones of the sex glands and the adrenal cortex
- STRESS?
- when extreme stimuli act on the body, they produce and internal state or condition known as stress
- TARGET ORGAN CELL?
- organ or cell acted on by a particular hormone and responding to it
- AQUEOUS HUMOR?
- watery fluid that fills the anterior chamber of the eye, in front of the lens
- AURICLE?
- part of the ear attached to the side of the head; earlike appendage of each atrium of the heart
- CATARACT?
- opacity of the lens of the eye
- CHEMORECEPTOR?
- receptors that respond to chemicals and are responsible for taste and smell
- CHOROID?
- middle layer of the eyeball that contains a dark pigment to prevent the scattering of incoming light rays
- COCHLEA?
- snail shell or structure of similiar shape
- COCHLEAR DUCT?
- membranous tube within the body cochlea
- CONJUNCTIVA?
- mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the sclera (whites)
- CRISTA AMPULLARIS?
- a specialized receptor located within the semicircular canals that detect head movements
- ENDOLYMPH (within membrane)?
- a thicker fluid
- GLAUCOMA?
- disorder characterized by elevated pressure in the eye
- GUSTATORY CELLS?
- cells of taste
- LACRIMAL GLAND?
- the glands that produce tears, located in the upper lateral position of the orbit
- LENS?
- the refracting mechanism of the eye that is located directly behind the pupil
- MECHANORECEPTOR?
- receptors that are mechanical in nature; for example; equilibrium and balance sensors for the ears
- ORGAN OF CORTI?
- the organ of hearing located in the cochlea and filled with endolymph
- OSSICLES?
- little bones, found in the ears
- PAPILLAE?
- small nipple-shaped elevations
- PERILYMPH?
- watery fluid that fills the bony labyrinth of the ear
- PHOTORECEPTOR?
- called rods and cones, they respond to light stimulus by producing a nervous impulse
- PRESBYOPIA?
- farsightedness of old age
- PROPRIOCEPTORS?
- receptors located in the muscles, tendons, and joints; allows the body to recognize its position
- RETINA?
- innermost layer of the eyeball; contains rods and cones and continues posteriorly with the optic nerve
- SCLERA?
- "the white of your eyeball", the outer coat of the eye
- SEMICIRCULAR CANALS?
- located in the inner ear; contains a specialized receptor called crista ampullaris that generates a nerve impulse on movement on the head
- TYMPANIC MEMBRANE?
- membranes between the external and middle ear that transmits sound waves to the bones of the middle ear, eardrum
- VITREOUS HUMOR?
- jelly like substance that fills the eyeball, holds the shape of the eye
- CORTICOIDS?
- hormones secreted by the three cell layers of the adrenal cortex
- CRETINISM?
- dwarfism caused by hyposecretion of the thyroid gland
- CUSHING'S SYNDROME?
- condition caused by the hypersecretion of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex
- DIABETES MELLITUS?
- a condition resulting when the pancreatic islets secrete too little insulin, resulting in increased levels of blood glucose
- DIABETES INSIPIDUS?
- condition resulting from hyposecretion of ADH in which large volumes of urine are formed and, if left untreated, may cause serious health problems