Module 4/Chapter 23/Nervous System/Pathology of the Nervous system
Terms
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- Apraxia
- Impairment in the ability to perform purposeful acts or to properly use familiar objects
- Cephalgia
- headache
- Concussion
- Injury to the brain, as the result of a direct trauma to the head
- Encephalitis
- Inflammation of the brain
- Huntington's chorea
- Hereditary nervous disorder involving bizarre, abrupt, involuntary, dance-like movements
- Miningioma
- Slow-growing brain tumor, originating in meninges
- Neuralgia
- nerve pain
- ALS
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig's disease)- degenerative disease of the motor neurons with weakness of muscles
- CVA
- Cerebrovascular accident -- disruption in the normal blood supply to the brain -- also called a stroke
- epilepsy
- Group of neurologic disorders characterized by recurrent seizures
- Hydrocephalus
- Abnormally increased amount of cerebrospinal fluid within the brain
- Multiple sclerosis
- Demyelination of the nerve fibers of the brain and spinal cord causing tremors, paralysis and speech disturbances
- Neuritis
- Inflammation of a nerve
- Quadriplegia
- Paralysis of arms, legs and trunk of the body
- Somnambulism
- Sleepwalking
- Syncope
- Fainting spell, a brief loss of consciousness
- Tic douloureux
- Also called trigeminal neuralgia -- inflammation of the trigeminal nerve (5th cranial nerve)causing sudden, intense, sharp pain on one side of the face
- Alzheimer's disease
- Degenerative changes in the brain structure leading to progressive memory loss, impaired thinking and personality changes
- Aura
- Sensation of a feeling or smell prior to onset of a seizure
- Cerebal Infarction
- Stroke
- Demintia
- Mental decline and deterioration
- Gait
- Manner of walking
- Hyperesthesia
- Excessive sensitivity to stimuli
- Myasthenia gravis
- Neuromuscular disorder characterized by relapsing weakness of skeletal muscles
- Occlusion
- blockage
- Paresthesia
- Abnormal sensation such as burning, tingling or numbness for no apparent reason
- Sciatica
- Inflammation of the sciatic nerve that may result in pain along the course of the nerve through the thigh and leg
- Spasticity
- Uncontrolled contractions of the skeletal muscles
- Tetanus
- Lockjaw, an acute, often fatal infection of the central nervous system
- Tourette's syndrome
- Neurological disorder marked by involuntary, spasmmodic, twitching movements; uncontrollable vocal sounds; and inappropriate words
- Amnesia
- Total or partial inability to recall past experiences
- Bell's palsy
- Paralysis of the facial nerve that caused dropping of the affected side of the face
- Cerebral Palsy
- Birth defect characterized by spasticity, athetosis, tremors, loss of muscle tone, impaired speech, vision and hearing
- Demyelination
- destruction or loss of the myelin sheath from myelinated fibers by a disease process
- glioma
- malignant brain tumor
- Meningitis
- Inflammation of the meninges of the brain or spinal cord
- Myelitis
- Inflammation of the spinal cord
- Paralysis
- Loss of power of voluntary movement
- Parkinson's disease
- Slowly progressive,degenerative, CNS disorder characterized by slowness and rigidity of movement, rhythmic muscular tremors and postural instability
- Seizure
- Also known as a convulsion -- a sudden, violent, involuntary contraction of a group of muscles caused by a disturbance in brain function
- Spina bifida
- congenital defect in the spinal column due to imperfect union of the vertebral parts
- TIA
- Transient ischemic attack -- temporary interruption in the blood supply to the brain
- Tremor
- Involuntary shaking of trembling of the body or any of its parts.
- Aneurysm
- Abnormal widening of the wall of a blood vessel; can lead to hemorrhage and CVA (stroke)
- Causalgia
- Burning pain following an injury to a sensory nerve
- Coma
- State of unconsciousness from which the patient cannot be aroused
- Dysphasia
- Impairment of speech, usually a result of injury to the speech area of the brain
- Hemiplegia
- Paralysis of the right or left side of the body
- Meningocele
- Protrusion of the membrane of the brain or spinal cord through a defect
- Narcolepsy
- Uncontrollable seizures of drowsiness and/or sleep
- Paraplegia
- Paralysis of the lower half of the body (from the waist down)
- Poliomyelitis
- Also known as polio, this is a viral infection of the gray matter of the spinal cord that may result in paralysis.
- Shingles
- Also called herpes zoster -- adult chickenpox
- Stroke
- Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) occurs when the blood flow to the brain is disrupted because of a blocked or ruptured vessel