The Integumentary System
Terms
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- What are the 4 types of membranes?
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serous
mucous
synovial
cutaneous - What does the serous membrane consist of and what is it's function?
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consists of a layer of simple squamous epithelium and loose connective tissue
forms the lining of the thorax (parietal pleura), the abdomen (parietal peritoneum), they also cover organs within the cavities
these cavities lack openings to the outside of the body
Function: the cells secrete serous fluid which lubricates the membrane - What does the mucous membrane consist of and what is it's function?
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it consists of epithelial tissues and loose connective tissue
it lines cavities and tubes that open to the outside of the body
it includes the oral and nasal cavity, respiratory, urinary, reproductive and digestive systems
Function: the cells secrete mucus - What does the synovial membrane consist of and what is it's function?
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they consist of fibrous connective tissue over loose connective tissue and adipose tissue. they form the inner linnings of joints
Found: at the end of bones and freely movable joints
Function: cells secrete synovial fluids which lubricates the ends of bones - What does the function of the cutaneous membrane?
- forms a protective covering, helps regulate temperature, repels water, houses sensory receptors, synthesizes chemicals and excrete wastes
- What are the 3 major parts of the skin?
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the epidermis
the dermis
the subcutaneous layer - What is the epidermis and what is it's function?
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it is a layer of stratified squamous epithelium that lacks blood vessels
Function: it protects the underlying tissues against water loss, mechanical injuries and harmful chemicals
specialized cells called melanocytes, produce melanin - How many melanocytes do males and females have?
- everyone has the same number of melanocytes, but a different number of melanin
- What is stratum basale?
- the layer close to the dermis
- What is the stratum corneum?
- the outer layer of the epidermis that is composed of dead cells
- What is keratinization?
- when the dead cells become ahead
- What is the dermis made up of and what is it's function?
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it is composed of fibrous connective tissue, epithelial tissue, smooth muscle tissue, nervous tissue, and blood vessels
Function: it binds the epidermis to the underlying tissues - What does the subcutaneous layer consist of and what is it's function?
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Consist: loose connective tissue and adipose tissue and blood vessels
Function: adipose tissues serve as an insulator, which conserves body heat - What is the function of the blood vessels?
- they supply nutrients to the cells
- How does hair develop, where is hair located and how are there different colors?
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Develop: from the base of a hair follicle when epidermal cells divide, grow and become keratinized
Location: all over the body, except the palms, soles, lips, and external reproductive organs
Color: it's due to the amount of melanin produced
*arrector pili muscle causes hair to stand up - What do the sebaceous glands do and what is it's function?
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it secretes an oily mixture called sebum
Function: sebum helps keep the hair soft, pliable and relatively waterproof - What is acne?
- when the gland becomes plugged
- What do nails consist of and what is it's function?
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Consist: keratinized stratified squamous epithelial cells
Function: protects the end of fingers and toes - What are the 3 glands that make up the sweat glands and describe them? and what is sweat made of?
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exocrine glands- produces sweat
eccrine glands- the most numerous sweat glands located on the forehead, neck and back
apocrine glands- located in the armpits and groin, and usually connected to hair fallicles
sweat is made of water, salt and wastes - What happens when your body temperature rises or drops?
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Rises: dermal blood vessels dilate, and sweat glands secrete sweat
Drops: dermal blood vessels constrict, and sweat glands become inactive
excessive heat loss stimulates skeletal muscles to contract involuntarily
fever results from an elevated temperature set point - How do wounds heal?
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dividing epithelial cells fill in shallow cuts in the epidermis
clots close deeper cuts, sometimes leaving a scar where connective tissue replaces skin
granulations form as part of the healing process - What is skin color due to?
- the amount of melanin and the size of the pigment granules in the epidermis
- What is skin color influenced by?
- environmental and physiological factors, as well as by genes