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Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 3

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The internal living material of the cell is called
A. cytoplasm.
B. organelles.
C. nucleus.
D. nucleoplasm.
A. cytoplasm.
The outer boundary of a human cell is called the
A. cytoplasm.
B. plasma membrane.
C. nucleus.
D. cell perimeter
B. plasma membrane.
A major function of the cell membrane is to:
A. adhere to adjacent cells.
B. manufacture proteins.
C. control what enters and leaves the cell.
D. produce nucleic acids.
C. control what enters and leaves the cell.
An organelle is a
A. small part of an organ.
B. group of tissues working together.
C. group of organized cells.
D. tiny structure found in the cytoplasm.
D. tiny structure found in the cytoplasm.
Ribosomes are organelles that
A. are attached to the Golgi apparatus.
B. float in the cytoplasm and attach to the endoplasmic reticulum.
C. are found only in the nucleus.
D. float in the cytoplasm and attach to the centrioles.
B. float in the cytoplasm and attach to the endoplasmic reticulum.
The interior of this organelle contains various kinds of enzymes capable of breaking down all of the main components of the cell.
A. lysosome
B. centrosome
C. ribosome
D. endoplasmic reticulum
A. lysosome
This organelle is involved in processing and packaging proteins for export out of the cell.
A. endoplasmic reticulum
B. lysosome
C. ribosome
D. Golgi apparatus
D. Golgi apparatus
Often referred to as the "power plant" of the cell, this organelle is the site of ATP production.
A. endoplasmic reticulum
B. peroxisome
C. lysosome
D. mitochondria
D. mitochondria
Diffusion can be defined as
A. the net movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.
B. the movement of water across a membrane that permits free movement of water, but no solutes.
C. a
A. the net movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.
Diffusion moves
A. up a concentration gradient.
B. down a concentration gradient.
C. equally within a concentration gradient.
D. all of these are correct.
B. down a concentration gradient.
Osmosis can be defined as
A. the net movement of water molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.
B. an excretory process.
C. a process in which cells engulf particles.
D. the net movement
A. the net movement of water molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.
Which of the following is an active transport process?
A. filtration
B. diffusion
C. endocytosis
D. osmosis
C. endocytosis
The cell process that involves microorganisms or other large particles being engulfed is called
A. pinocytosis.
B. secretion.
C. phagocytosis.
D. endocytosis
C. phagocytosis.
14. The component that distinguishes one nucleotide from another is the
A. nitrogen base.
B. phosphate group.
C. five-carbon sugar.
D. hydrogen bond.
A. nitrogen base.
RNA makes proteins by
A. transcription.
B. translation.
C. replication.
D. duplication
B. translation.
The two processes of protein synthesis are
A. transcription and translation.
B. replication and duplication.
C. transcription and replication.
D. translation and duplication
A. transcription and translation.
All of the DNA in each cell of the body is called the
A. code.
B. genome.
C. proteomic.
D. gene blueprint.
B. genome.
Mitosis is subdivided into four phases including all of the following except
A. prophase.
B. anaphase.
C. metaphase.
D. karyophase.
E. telophase.
D. karyophase.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of meiosis?
A. four haploid gametes
B. a reduction division
C. two steps of cell division
D. two haploid gametes
D. two haploid gametes
Which of the following is not a principal type of tissue?
A. cardiac
B. epithelial
C. nervous
D. connective
E. muscle
A. cardiac
What is the major function of epithelial tissue?
A. transmission of impulse
B. protection
C. contraction
D. support
B. protection
Stratified squamous epithelial cells are found in the
A. skin.
B. lining of the trachea.
C. kidney tubules.
D. urinary bladder.
A. skin.
A lubricating substance produced by goblet cells is called
A. mucus.
B. matrix.
C. plasma.
D. collagen.
A. mucus.
This type of tissue has cube-shaped cells and can be found lining the kidney tubules.
A. simple squamous epithelium
B. stratified squamous epithelium
C. simple cuboidal epithelium
D. pseudostratified columnar epithelium
C. simple cuboidal epithelium
The most abundant and widespread tissue in the body is
A. connective.
B. pithelial.
C. muscle.
D. nerve
A. connective.
Which of the following is not a type of connective tissue?
A. cardiac
B. blood
C. adipose
D. cartilage
A. cardiac
Adipose tissue is
A. a storage tissue.
B. a muscle tissue.
C. held together by cartilage.
D. an epithelial tissue.
A. a storage tissue.
What is the main function of muscle tissue?
A. movement
B. transmission of impulse
C. support
D. protection
A. movement
Which of the following contains intercalated disks?
A. smooth muscle
B. striated muscle
C. cardiac muscle
D. blood
C. cardiac muscle
The conducting unit of the nerve tissue is the
A. connector.
B. dendrite.
C. axon.
D. neuron.
D. neuron.

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