anti hypertensives
Terms
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- Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ace) inhibitors
- prevent the conversion of angiotensin 1 into angiotenson 2
- common adverse effects of ace inhibitors
- hypotension dizziness headache unproductive cough
- ace inhibitor drugs end in pril
- true
- what must be stopped when starting ace inhibitors
- potassium supplements & diuretics to avoid hyperkalaemia
- signs of hyperkalaemia
- confusion nervousness irregular heartbeat numbness and tingling of limbs and lips muscle weakness
- what do angiotensin receptor antagonists do
- block angiotensin 2 receptors
- similar effect as ace inhibitors known as sartons
- true
- how long for maximum effect
- 4-6 weeks
- ace inhibitors are usually once a day with 24 hour effect and excreted by kidneys
- true
- alpha antagonists do what ?
- block alpha receptors in blood vessels that cause vasoconstriction
- alpha antagonists end in azosins
- true
- what are side effects of alpha antagonists
- hypotension nasal congestion pupil constriction atigue erectile dydfunction diarrhoea
- how do you minimise side effects
- gradual increase of dose
- once daily administration
- true
- beta blockers end in olol
- true
- what is the action of beta blockers
- unclear may interfere with renin or angiotensin may also reduce sympathetic drive from cns
- what are beta blocker side effects
- bradycardia hypotension cold extremeties constipation insomnia and vivid dreams
- beta blockers are not receommended as 1st line therapy
- true
- ubrupt withdrawel of beta blockers can cause rebound HT
- true
- beta blockers are CI in asthma and COPD and some cardiovascular conditions
- true
- non selective BB can alter lipids and glucose levels in diabetics
- true
- calcium channel antagonists do what?
- effect the availability of calcium to muscle of heart and blood vessels
- SE of calcium channel antagonists are
- hypotension flushing rash depression of cardiac function
- not recommended for long term treatment in cardiac failure
- true
- do not crush calcium channel antagonists
- true
- drug names for calcium channel antagonists
- dipines verapamil dilitiazem
- combined action drugs alpha and beta carvedilol
- true alpha and beta blockade
- gradual withdrawal to avoid rebound HT
- true
- diuretics lower blood volume by excretion of water via kidneys
- true
- side effects of diuretics are
- dehydration electrolyte imbalances hypotension
- what can chronic hypertension do ?
- cause damage to blood vessel walls- thickening and inflammation
- what organs eventually become damage by hypertension
- kidneys heart brain