History Test
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- Mary Wollstonecraft
- Founder of European Feminisim. Strongly disagreesd with Roussaeu on education for women. Wrote "Vindication on the Rights of Women"
- Nicolas Copernicus
- (1473-1543) concluded that the sun is the center of our solar system. Heliocentric Theory or Copernicus Theory. He wrote "On the Revolution of Heavenly Spheres"
- Baron de Montesquieu
- to prevent despotism, urged that government be divided into 3 branches; executive, judicial, and legislative. Wrote "Spirit of Laws"
- Voltaire
- denounced French cenorship injustice and despotism. Urged religious freedom
- Enlightenment
- An 18th century European movement in which thinkers attempted to apply the principles of reason and science to all aspects of society. Wrote and spoke out against autocracy
- The Scientific Revolution
- A new way of thinking about the natural world. It was based on careful observation and a willingness to question accepted beliefs
- Thomas Hobbes
- Defended royal absolutism. He believed that humans in their original state of nature were unhappy and miserable. Humans enter into a social compact to surrender their freedom to a ruler. Some people were willing to sacrifice freedom for security. Wrote "Leviathan
- Andreas Vesalius
- (1514-1564) Made careful dissections of the human body. Founded the science of anatomy. Wrote "On the Fabric of the Human Body"
- Pre-Enlightenment
- Two men who prefaced the enlightenment with their ideas on government
- Johannes Kepler
- (1571-1642) Corrected earlier work by Tyco Brahe. Found that planets follow an elliptical, not circular, orbit in revolving about the sun. Had no significant literary works.
- Jean Jacques
- "Man is born free and everywhere he is in chains" agreed to submit to what Rausseau called "the general will". Wrote "The Social Contract"
- John Locke
- People in their original state were happy and possessed the natural rights to life, liberty, and property. People entered into a socail compact to create a government and grant that government limited powers. Wrote "Two Treaties of Government"
- Emile de Chatlet
- Translated Newton into French.
- Rene Descartes
- (1596-1650) Discovered the laws of optics. Founder of analytical geometry. "cogito, ergo sum". He wrote "Discourse on Method"
- Isaac Newton
- (1642-1727) Invented a method of mathematical analysis called calculus. Discovered laws of light,color,and motion. Also calculated the law of gravitation. Wrote "Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy" or "Principia"
- Galileo
- (1564-1642) Demonstrates the law of falling bodies (gravity). Greatly improved the telescope and confirms Copernican Theory. Wrote "Starry Messenger" and "Dialouge Concerning the Two Chief World Systems"
- Francis Bacon
- (1561-1626) Popularized the Scientific Method, and urged experimentation in all things. Wrote "The Great Restoration"