A & P Chapter One
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Integumentary System
- Skin Protection of the body and external support
- Skeletal System
- Internal support and protection, movement, protection of blood cells
- Muscular System
- Movement production of heat
- Nervous System
- Regulation of all body activities, learning and memory
- Endocrine Sytem
- Secretion of hormones for chemical regulation of all tissues
- Respiratory System
- Gasseous exchange between external environment and blood
- Circulatory System
- Transportation of nutrients to cells and waste away
- Lymphatic System
- Immunity, absorption of fats, drainage of tissue fluid
- Digestive System
- Breakdown and absorption of food materials
- Urinary System
- Maintenance of volume and chemical composition of blood.
- Reproductive System
- Production of egg and sperm, delivery of sperm to female and development in female
- Anatomy
- Study of the structure of the body
- Physiology
- Study of the function of body parts
- How are anatomy and physiology related
- The structure of body parts suits the function
- What are the levels of body organization?
- atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system and organism
- Give one example of a molecule within the human body?
- Amino acids
- Give one example of a macromolecule
- Protein, which is a combination of amino acid molecules.
- What is considered the smallest "living component" of any living organism?
- The cell
- What are organelles?
- Structures within cells that have assigned functions. Such as the nucleus and the mitochondria.
- Define tissue?
- Grouping of similar cells that provide a specific function
- Define an organ?
- Composed of two or more tissue types and performing a specific function within an organ system
- Define anatomical position?
- The standard for anatomical discussion. This is a view of the body facing you, standing erect with arms at the side with palms and toes directed forward.
- Define the anatomical term "superior"
- Located above another part. The nose is superior to the mouth.
- Define "inferior" in anatomical terms?
- Below another part. The mouth is inferior to the nose.
- Anterior
- Towards the front. The nose is anterior to the ears.
- Posterior (dorsal)
- Towards the back. The ears are dorsal to the nose.
- Medial
- Closer to the midline of the body as defined by a line bisecting the body along the plane through the nose and umbilicus. The nose is medial to the ears.
- Lateral
- Further from the midline of the body. The ears are lateral to the nose.
- Proximal and Distal
-
Proximal - closer to the point of attachment to the body. The knee is proximal to the ankle
Distal - further from the point of connection to the body. The ankle is distal to the knee. - Anatomical position nearer the surface
- Superficial
- Define "deep" in anatomical terms
- Away from the surface
- Define Central in anatomical terms
- located towards the center of an organ, mass or body
- Define peripheral
- Away from the center
- A lengthwise (vertical)cut that divides the body into left and right portions
- Sagittal Plane
- Midsagittal Plane
- A sagittal section that passes directly through the midline
- Transverse Plane
- A cut that divides the body horizontally giving you superior and inferior portions
- Frontal (coronal) Plane
- Divides the body into anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) portions
- Axial
- Head, neck and trunk
- Appendicular
- The limbs
- Cephalic
- Head
- Cranial
- Skull
- Frontal
- Forehead
- Occipital
- Back of Head
- Oral
- Mouth
- Nasal
- Nose
- Ophthalmic
- Orbital, Eyes
- Cervical
- Neck
- Thorax
- Chest
- Pectoral
- Chest
- Mammary
- Breast
- Axillary
- Armpit
- Vertebral
- Backbone
- Costal
- Ribs
- Celiac
- Abdomen
- Pelvic
- Lower portion of the abdomen
- Gluteal
- Buttocks
- Inguinal
- Groin
- Groin
- Depressed region of abdomen near the thigh
- Lumbar
- Lower Back
- Sacral
- Lowest portion of vertebrae
- Perineal
- Area between anus and external genitalia
- Brachial
- Upper Arms
- Carpal
- Wrists
- Cubital
- Elbow
- Palmar
- Palms
- Femoral
- Thigh
- Popliteal
- Back of Knee
- Pedal
- Foot
- Visceral organs
- Internal organs
- Name the two largest Body Cavities
- Ventral and Dorsal
- What are the main sub divisions of the Dorsal Cavity
-
Cranial Cavity
Spinal Cavity - What are the main divisions of the Ventral Cavity
-
Thoracic
Abdominopelvic - The Thoracic Cavity is divided into what additional cavities
-
Plueral
Pericardial - What is the Mediastinum
- A tissue and organ mass that divides the plueral cavities
- The diaphragm divides what cavities
- Thoracic from the abdominopelvic
- Name and identify the location of the nine regions of the abdominopelvic cavity
-
Umbilical - Centrally located centering on the umbilicus
Lumbar - Right and Left of the Umbilical
Epigastric - immediately superior to the umbilical region
Hypochondriac - Right and left of the epigastric region
Hypogastric - Immediately inferior to the umbilical region
Iliac - Right and left of the Hypogastric region - Homeostasis
- Defines the internal bodies propensity to remain constant regardless of the external environment.
- Negative Feedback
-
The basic feedback loop of homeostasis.
A stimulus causes a sensory receptor to signal a regulatory system which signals an effector to react to the stimulus. When the stimulus is nuetralized the effector stops production - Disease
-
A break down in normal body conditions which the body attempts to correct.
local - restricted
systemic - affects the entire body
Chronic - less severe but manifest over a long period
Acute - occur suddenly and generally last a short time