InteguAccess&Conditions
Terms
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- Hair: Composition
- Dead, keratinized epidermalk cells
- Hair: Function
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Minor Protective Functions
Ex: Eyebrows and eyelashes: Collect foreign particles
Head: Absorbs force/sunlight/dec heat loss
Nasal Passage: Filters foreign particles -
Hair Anatomy:
Column Types? -
3
Shaft
Root
Bulb - Hair: Shaft
- Superficial; projects from skin
- Hair: Root: Structure
- Deep to surface, penetrates dermis; surrounded by follicles; external; Internal root sheath
- Hair: Root: External Root Sheath
-
Composed of dermal tissue
Supplies blood vessels to epidermal portion and reinforces - Hair: Root: Internal Root Sheath
-
Composed epithelial tissure
Forms a tubular sheath and forms hair - Bulb
- Enlarged base at end of root; Onion shaped at end of follicle
- Layers of Hair: Superficial to Deep
- Connective tissue; External Root Sheath; Internal Root Sheath; Cuticle; Cortex; Medulla
- Arrector Pili
-
Small band of smooth muscle cells
Connect each side of hair follicle to dermal tissue
Contraction causes hair to "stand" - Hair: Concentric Layers of Root
- Medulla | Cortex | Cuticle
- Medulla
-
Innermost layer of Hair
Contains pigments granules - Cortex
-
Middle part of hair
Pigment granules [in dark hair] - Cuticle
- epidermal attachment surrounding nail wall
- Skin Appendages: General Function
- Cutaneous glands, hair, follicles and nails; All play unique roles maintaining body's homeostasis
- Exocrine Glands
-
Located in Dermis Layer
Sebaceous| Sudiferous|Ceruminous - Sudiferous
-
Sweat Glands:
Eccrine and Apocrine - Eccrine
- More numerous sweat glands; mixture of water, salt and metabolic wastes; regulates heat (98.6)
- Apocrine
-
Confined to axillary and genital areas;
contains fatty acids and proteins, as well as secretions from eccrine
Begin Functioning at puberty
increased activity during emotional stress
minimal role in thermoregulation - Sebaceous Glands
-
Secrete Sebum: mix of oil and fragmented skin (keeps skin soft/hydrated)
Acne: sebaceous glands blocked by sebum. blackhead (whitehead dries/darkens) - Nail
-
Scalelike modification of epidermis
Tightly packed keratinized cells - Nail: Components
- Nail Body; Nail Root; Lunula; Cuticle
- Nail Body
-
visible portion
Free edge: extends past digit - Nail Root
- Embedded in skin
- Lunula
- whitish; semilunar area at proximal end
- Nail Bed
- Stratum Spinosum layer that nail rests on
- Nail Matrix
-
Underlies the nail bed
Where Cell division and growth occurs
Pinkish nail color comes from rish blood supply to underlying dermis - Burns
- Tissue damage/Cell death
- Burns: Causes
-
Intense heat
Electricity
UV radiation
Chemicals - Burns: Effects
-
Accelerated/Impaired Metabolism
Cardiovascular System Failure
Most Serious Threat to skin
Circulatory shock (dec blood flow->dec BP) - Burns: Classification
- First-Third Degree
- Burns: First Degree
-
Damage: Only Epidermis
Severity: Mild
Symptoms: Temp discomfort, swollen &red ~2-3days, easily heals - Burns: Second Degree
-
Damage: Epidermis/possibly upper dermis
Severity: Moderate
Symptoms: Skin red/painful. Blistering; can have no scar if taken care of - Burns: Third Degree
-
Damage: Entire thickness of skin
Severity: Extreme
Symptoms: Appears blackened; not terribly painful at first; regeneration not possible-> skin graft - Thickness Burns
-
Partial thickness= first/second degree
Full Thickness= Third Degree - Burns considered critical if...
-
2nd degree over 25% body
3rd degree over 10% of body
3rd degree over hands/feet/face [facial dangerous b/c damage to resp passgeways=suffocation] - Skin Cancer: Types
-
Most common type of cancer
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Malignant Melanoma - Basal Cell Carcinoma
-
Cause=Inc sun exposure
Most common type(78%) (and on face)
Typically do not metastatize
Stratum Basale cells, germinativum, cannot form keratin-> no good boundary b/c epidermis and dermis - Squamous Cell Carcinoma
-
2nd most common (20%)
Affects cells of Stratum Basale
Cause=Chronic sun exposure, poorly treated burns, long standing sores, radiation exposure
Lesions scaly, reddened papule
Metastatize slowly (can invade neighboring tissue) - Malignant Melanoma
-
Least common (2%)
Most dangerous
Malignant tumor originating in melanocytes (metastatize rapidly to surround blood &lymph)
Initially appear brwon/black patches - ABCD Rule for recognizing melanomas
- Asymmetry; Border Irregularity; Color (different colored areas); Diameter
- Dermis Blood Supply
-
Abundantly supplied with blood vessels--> regulate body temperature
Restriction of blood supply to skin-> cell death and severe skin ulcers - Decubitus Ulcers
- Occurs in bedridden patients, due to lack of movement
- Cyanosis
-
Blue skin from lack of oxygen (Hg poorly oxygenated)
Both blood and skin appear blue - Erythema
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Red Skin
Inc BF to skin- may indicate embarrasment/faver/hypertension/inflammation/allergy - Contusions
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Hematoma or Bruise
Sites where blood escaped from circulatory sys and clotted in tissue spaces
Tendency indicates Vit C deficiency or blood clotting disorder