Ch 14: Therapies
Terms
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- atypical antipsychotic medications
- Newer antipsychotic medications that, in contrast to the early antipsychotic drugs, block dopamine receptors in brain regions associated with psychotic symptoms rather than more globally throughout the brain, resulting in fewer side effects
- cognitive therapies
- A group of pychotherapies based on the assumption that psychogical problems are due to maladaptive patterns of thinking; treatment techniques focus on recognizing and altering these unhealthy thinking patterns
- psychotropic medications
- Drugs that alter mental functions, alleviate psychological symptoms, and are used to treat psychological or mental disorders
- exposure therapy
- Behioral therapy for phobias, panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, or related anxiety disorders in which the person is repeatedly exposed to the disturbing object or situation under controlled conditions
- anitpsychotic medications
- Prescription drugs that are used to reduce psychotic symptoms; frequently used in the treatment of schizophrenia; also called neuroleptics
- psychoanalysis
- A type of psychptherapy originated by Sigmund freud in which free association, dream interpretation, analysis of resistance and transference are used toexplore repressed or uncounscious impulses, anxieties, and internal conflicts
- aversive conditioning
- A relatively ineffective type of behavior therapy that involves repeatedly pairing an aversive stimulus with the occurrence of undersirable behaviors or thoughts
- lithium
- A naturally orruring substance that is used in the treatment of bipolar disorder
- dream interpretation
- A technique used in psychoanalysis in which the content of dreams is analyzed for disuised or symbolic wishes, meanings, and motivations
- selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
- Class of anitdepressant medications that increase the availability of serotonin in the brain and cause fewer side effects than earlier antidepressants; they include Prozac, Paxil, and Zoloft
- eclecticism
- The pragmatic nd integrated use of techniques from different psychotherapies
- free association
- A technique used in pyschoanalysis in which the patient spontaneously reports all thoughts, feelings, and mental images as they come to mind, as a way of revealing unconscious thoughts and emotions
- interpretation
- A technique in psychoanalysis in which the psychoanalyst offers a carefully timed explanation of the patient's dreams, free associations, or behavoirs to facilitate the recognition of unconscious conflicts or motivations
- resistance
- In pyschoanalysis, the patient's unconscious attempts to block the revelation of repressed memories and conflicts
- eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR)
- Therapy technique in which the client holds a vivid mental image of troubling event or situation while rapidly moving his or her eyes back and forth in response to the therapist's waving finger or while the therapist administers some other form of bilateral stimulation, such as sounding tones in alternate ears
- short-term dynamic therapies
- Type of psychotherapy that is based on psychoanalytic theory but differs in that it is typically timed-limited, has specific goals, and involves an active, rather than neutral, role for the therapist
- behavior therapy
- A type of psychotherapy that focuses on directly changing maladaptive behavior patterns by using basic learning principles and techniques; also called behavior modification
- transference
- In psychoanalysis, the process by which emotions and desires originally associated with a significant person in the patient's life, such as the parent, are unconsciously transferred to the psychoanalyst
- token economy
- A form of behavior therapy in which the therapeutic environment is structured to reward desired behaviors with tokens or points that may eventually be exchanged for tangible rewards
- antidepressant medications
- Prescription drugs that are used to reduce the symptoms associated with depression
- cognitive therapy (CT)
- A type of cognitive thearpy, developed by psychiatrist Aaron T. Beck, that focuses on changing the client's unrealistic beliefs
- systematic desensitization
- A type of behavior therapy in which phobic responses are reduced by pairing relaxtion with a series of mental images or real-life situations that the person finds progressively more fearprovoking; based on the principle of counterconditioning
- cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
- Therapy that intergrates cognitive and behavioral techniques and that is based on the assumption that thoughts, moods, and behaviors are interrlated
- anitanxiety medications
- Prescription drugs that are used to alleviate the symptoms of anxiety
- biomedical therapies
- The use of medications, electroconvulsivetherapy, or other medical treatments to treat the symptoms associated with psychological disorders
- group therapy
- A form of psychotherapy that is based on the assumption that the family is a system and that treats the family as a unit
- psychotherapy
- The treatment of emotional, behavioral, and interpersonal problems through the use of psychological techniques designed to encourage understanding of problems and modify troubling feelings, behaviors, or relationships
- electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
- A biomedical therapy used primarily in the treatment of depression that involves electrically inducing a brief brain seizure; also called electroshock therapy or shock therapy
- interpersonal therapy (IPT)
- A brief, psychodynamic psychtherapy that focuses on current relationships and is based on the assumption that symptoms are caused and maintained by interpersonal problems
- counterconditioning
- A behavioral therapy technique based on classical conditioning that involves modifying behavior by conditioning a new response that is incompatible with a previous learned response
- client-centered therapy
- A type of psychotherapy developed by humanistic psychologist Carl Rogers in which the therapist is nondirective and reflective, and the client directs the focus of each therapy session; aslo called person-centered therapy
- bell and pad treatment
- A behavior trerapy technique used to treat nighttime bedwetting by conditioning arousal from sleep in response to bodily signals of a full bladder