Psychology Practicals
Terms
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- Hypothesis
- A formally stated expectation about behaviour that defines the purpose and goals of a study
- Causal Hypothesis
- Postulates a particular causal influence
- Descriptive hypothesis
- Postulates particular charachteristics of behaviour without reference to causation
- Direction of difference between groups is stated
- One tailed hypothesis
- Two tailed hypothesis
- Direction of difference between groups is not stated
- Behavour is purposeful
- Assumptions of scientific psychology
- Control
- Manipulating cause affects behaviour
- Observation
- A Source of hypothesis
- Scientific evidence must be...
- Empirical and objective
- Scientific evidence must be
- Systematic and Controlled
- Null hypothesis
- Hypothesis that there is no effect
- Null hypothesis
- Often opposite of the research hypothesis
- Participant variables
- Naturally varying variables(eg gender)
- Experimenter variables
- Manipulated by the researcher
- Control variables
- Variables that are held constant
- Two types of valididty
- Internal and external
- Order effects
- Factor that affects validity
- How to deal with secondary variance
- Eliminate, Hold it constant
- Reliability
- The extent to which a particular measure is reproducible
- Quantitive data
- Data obtained by assigning numbers to events in a systematic way
- Categorial data
- represents counts or numbers of observations in each of a number of categories
- Qualitive data
- Analysis of words, images, not numbers
- Nominal level of measurement
- the use of numbers as names for the category that an object or event belongs to
- Ordinal level of measurent
- The size of the number represents something about the quantity of whatever is being measured
- Interval level of measurement
- the differences between the numbers are equal and that indicates that there are equal differences in whatever is being measured
- Ratio
- the ratio between all the numbers is constant