Chapter 12-2 Human Genetics
Terms
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- trisomy
- a chromsomal anomaly in which an individual has an extra chromosome in any of the chromosome pairs
- genetic marker
- a short section of DNA
- Down syndrome
- a disorder caused by an extra twenty-first chromosome and characterized by a number of physcial and mental abnormalities
- pattern of inheritance
- individuals whoes certain phenotypes are usually repeated in predictable patterns from one generation to the next
- genetic disorder
- a disease that has a genetic basis
- hemophilla
- a trait in which the blood lacks a protein that is essential for clotting
- sex-influenced trait
- a trait that is influenced by the presence of male or female sex chromosomes
- amnicentesis
- a procedure used in fetal diagnosis in which fetal cells are removed from the amniotic fluid
- monosomy
- a condition in a diploid cell in which one chromosome of one pair is missing as a result of nondisjunction during meiosis
- multiple-allele trait
- controlled by three or more alleles of the same gene that code for a single trait
- trisomy-21
- a human congenital disorder caused by trisomy of chromosome 21 due to the failure of the siter chromatids to seperate during mitosis or the failure of homologous chromosomes to seperate during meiosis
- single-allele trait
- a trait controlled by a single allele
- genetic counseling
- the process of informing a couple about their genetic makeup, which has the potential to affect their offspring
- colorblindness
- a recessive X-linked disorder in which an individual cannot distinguish between certain colors
- choronic villi sampling
- a procedure involving the analysis of the chorionic villi to diagnose fetal genotypes
- polygenic trait
- a trait controlled by multiple genes
- phenylketonuria
- a genetic disorder in which the body cannot metabolize phenylalanine
- Huntington's Disease (HD)
- a human genetic disorder caused by a dominate allele resulting in involuntary movements, mental deterioration, and eventual death
- carrier
- individuals who have one copy of a recessive autosomal allele
- Duchenne muscular dystrophy
- a form of muscular dystrophy that weakens and progressiviely destroys muscle tissue
- pedigree
- a diagram of the genetic history of an individual; can show how a trait is inherited over several generations
- genetic screening
- an examination of a person's genetic makeup