Test 2

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Pain is what type of reaction?: protective
What are pain receptors called?: nociceptors
What tissue does not have pain receptors?: nervous tissue
What is fast pain called: neospinothalmic pain
What neuronal fibers are fast pain?: Group III alplha delta afferents
What kind of pain is fast pain?: localized and short
Where does alpha delta afferent fibers terminate?: rexed lam I
What rexed lams does alpha delta afferent fibers and c afferents?: I, II, V
What do second order fast pain neurons do?: decussate to thalmus
Where do third order fast pain neurons project to?: 3-1-2 of cortex
What is slow pain called?: paleospinothalmic pain
What neuronal fibers are slow pain?: Group IV C afferents
What kind of pain is slow pain?: poorly localized associated with chronic pain
When does "second pain" occur?: after adelta sensation , prolonged suffering , nausea , vomiting (follows fast pain)
Which kind of pain and which fibers have high threshold for mechano and thermoreceptors?: paleospinothalmic pain , group IV c afferents
What are the branches of the c afferents?: spinomesencephalic , spinoreticular
What do spinomesencephalic neurons do?: nociceptive information involved with moving eyes relative to source of noxious input
What does spinoreticular and paleospinothalmic fibers do?: arousal , withdrawal , autonomic , affective responses to pain
What type of fibers are Alpha Beta?: mechanofibers
Where do alpha beta branches go?: rex lam II
What does rex lam II secrete?: substance P
Where is PAG located?: midbrain
What do spinreticular secrete?: beta endorphin enkephalin
What does activated PAG pathways do?: inhibits dorsal horn cells pain response , mediates opioid analgesia , activates raphe nuclei in pons
What does ralphe nuclei do?: release serotonin into dorsal horn through the corticospinal tract stimulating rex lam II
What are the 2 main receptors of the GSA system?: proprioreceptors , sensory
Which of the following stements regarding C-fibers (group 4 afferents) is correct: when activated, produce diffused activating pain
Lightly rubbing a recently bruised elbow will result in which of the following: produces analgesia or a decrease in pain intesity
Which of th following statements regarding nocioceptors with A-delta axons is/are correct: they mediate the sharp , fast component of pain
Prostaglandins, leukotriens, 5-HT, histamine, IL-1,2,10 and TNFa all excite: C
which of the following does not excite nociceptors in the skin?: beta endorphins
what stimuli activate group IV afferent fibers: slow pain
What is the function of the A efferent fibers: Motorneuron innervations to the extrafusal fibers
Based on the meta analysis of Staiger et al, 2003......., what did not appear to be beneficial: Serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors
Which of the following does not promote excitation of nociceptros in the skin: Free protons, prostaglandins, histamine, bradykinen...answer was all of them
What neurotransmitter from the brainstem is derctly responsible for modulation of pain signals: serotonin
Both fast pain and slow pain travel primarily within what tract of the spinal cord: Spinothlamic (anterolateral system)
Which pathway of the cord conveys unconscious proprioception from the upper limb: cuenocerebellar
primary site for spinal cord modulation is: rex lam V
what are the so called gate keepers in pain: substantia gelatinosa
What type of fiers predominate the dorsal spinocerebellar tract: GP
What is the location of a cell body of the alpha-motor neuron: rexed 9
Where do alpha motor neurons terminate: extrafusal muscles
Which of the tracts are not related ot the anterolateral system: ventral corticospinal
Which neurotransmitter within the brainstem is INDIRECTLY responsible for modulation of pain signals: norepinephrine
Proprioception from the leg is conveyed via: dorsal spinocerebellar tract,medial lemnicus, inferior cerebellar peduncle
where do spinoreticular fibers terminate?: PAG
nucleus z is related to what tract?: dorsal spinocerebellar
the spinal lemiscus contains the spinothalmic tract?: true
clarkes column houses the second order perikarya for what tract?: dorsal spinocerebellar
The second order perikarya neruons for the spinothalmic tract are found in what lamina?: rexed V
pain transmission is impeded due to destruction of rexed II?: false
The dorsal columns contain what tracts: neither dorsal spinocerebellar or rubrospinal
Which of the following stements regardint he spinothalamic tract is correct: it crosses the midline at the spinal cord
Which of the following best completes the stement, the fasciculus gracilis originates in the spinal cord and is......?: apart of the dorsal column and medial lemniscus tract
which of the following is not in the lateral funiculus?: fasciulus cuneatus
clark's column houses what 2nd order perikarya?: ventral spinocerebellar
Projections from the reticular midbrain raphe neurons to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord actely suppress the conscious awarenss of pain use which of the following neurotransmitters: serotonin
fine touch of arm: funiculus cuneatus
Three major divisions of the anterolateral system: spinothalmic , spinoreticular , spinotectal
Given that interruption of a reflex arc is in the efferent limb, which is not a site at which the problem may be located: lateral corticospinal tract
Which of the following is true regarding nerve conduction velocity: alpha alpha>alpha beta>alpha gamma>alpha delta (Aα > Aβ > Aγ > Aδ)
where do the clark's column fibers terminate?: cerebellum
Brachial plexus notes posterior divsion innervation to the little finger: radial
brachial plexus notes flexor innervation to the middle finger: median
not innervated by brachial plexus: triceps
muscolotaneus: c5, c6, c7
Lateral cutaneous nerve of the tigh is related to what dermatome?: l3
innervates musculature of the lower foot and leg?: sciatic
What roots are related to sciatic n.?: l4-s3
brown-sequard lesion would result it?: contralateral loss of pain sensation inferior to lesion
duchenne palsy: not median or c5-c7
anterior division nerve innervates?: gracilis
GSA and GVA innervation from the abdomen both travel in what pathway?: dorsal columns and anterolateral
staiger and spine: meta analysis
slow and fast pain travel in?: spinothalmic
staiger and spine what was beneficial: tricyclic antidepressants
where do alpha motor neurons originate?: rex lam ix
What spinal levels is clarks column found at?: t1-l3
What is found in the intermediolateral gray?: sympathetics
What spinal level is the intermediolateral gray found at?: T1-L3 and S2-S4
Where do substantia gelatinosa neurons project to and form?: through anterior white commisure to anterior spinothalmic tract
Where do clark's column axons form?: ipsilateral posterior spinocerebellar tract
What tracts are in the lateral funiculus?: lateral corticospinal tract, rubrospinal tract, dorsal spinocerebellar, anterolateral system
What does lateral corticospinal tract do?: descending 85% of axons, motor innervation to limbs
rubrospinal tract?: facilitates limb flexion
dorsal spinocerebellar?: unconscious proprioception, kinesthia
Where does gentle/noxious stimuli come from?: rex lam v
Medial lemniscus conveys what?: contralateral cuneatus and gracilis
Where do the spinal roots get their blood supply from?: radicular arteries
What reinforces the anterior artery: anterior segmental medullary artery
What reinforces the anterior artery in the lumbrosacral region only?: artery of adamkeiwitz
lou gehrigs: rex lam ix
spinoreticular tract terminates where?: PAG
Large anterior horn cells are located in what rex lam?: ix
obturator?: hip abductors
do gsa and gva share a common pathway?: yes
Lateral cutaneous nerve dermatome?: l3
Medial lemniscus is what kind of neuron?: GSA
Sciatic posterior nerves innervate what muscles?: anterior extenson
sciatic anterior nerves innervate what muscles?: posterior flexors

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Number of cards 101