Chapter 11
Terms
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- criterion
- behavior that a test is designed to predict; thus, the measure used in defining whether the test has predictive validity
- standardization
- defining meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested standardization group
- normal curve
- symetrical bellshaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes. Most scores fall near the average and fewer near the extremes
- aptitude test
- test designed to predict a person's future performance
- validity
- the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to
- predictive validity
- success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict
- IQ
- defined originally as the ratio of mental ag (ma) to chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100. On contemporary intelligence tests, the average performance for a given age is assigned a score of 100.
- Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
- the WAIS is the most widely used intelligence test; contains verbal and performance (nonverbal) subtests
- down syndrome
- condition of retardation and associated physical disorders caused by an extra chromosome in one's genetic makeup
- factor analysis
- statitical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (called factrs) on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie one's total scores
- Stanford-Binet
- widely used American revision of Binet's original intelligence test
- general intelligence (g)
- general intelligence that according to Spearman and others underlies specific mental abilties and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test
- reliability
- extent to which a test yields consisten results, as assesed by the consistency of scores on 2 halves of the test, on alternate forms of the test, or on retesting
- mental retardation
- condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score of 70 or below and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life
- emotional intelligence
- ability to percieve, understand, manage and use emotions
- intelligence test
- method for assesong an individual's mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores
- mental age
- measure of intelligence test performed by Binet; the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance
- savant syndrome
- condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill
- achievement test
- test designed to asses what a person has learned
- intelligence
- mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations
- creativity
- ability to produce novel and valuable ideas
- stereotype threat
- self confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype
- content validity
- extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest