Block 2 PATH Exam -- Vascular Disease Lecture
Terms
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- Atherosclerosis
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Affects large and medium sized arteries
Results in formation of atheromas - Causes of DVT
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Stasis
Injury (trauma)
Hypercoagulant state - Intimal cell masses
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Accumulation of smooth muscle cells in the normal intima
Found in infants at sites where atherosclerosis occurs in adults - Large Elastic Arteries
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Tunica intima -- endothelium and connective tissue
Tunica media -- smooth muscle cells, intervening elastic fibers
Adventitia -- connective tissue, blood vessels, and nerves
Adventitia - Large Muscular Arteries
- Layers same as elastic, BUT, the tunica media has an internal elastic lamina, smooth muscle, and an external elastic lamina
- Monckeberg Medial Sclerosis
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Affects large and medium sized muscular arteries
Degenerative calcification of the media
Usually in upper and lower extremities of old people - Syphilitic Aneurysm
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Occur in the ascending aorta
Shape is fusiform
Inflammation surrounding the vasa vasorum causes medial scarring - Arteriosclerosis
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Affects smaller arteries and arterioles
Results in hyaline thickening of vessel wall - Atherosclerotic Aneurysm
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Most common in the distal aorta and common iliac arteries
Shape is fusiform or saccular
More common in hypertensives - Dissecting Aneurysm
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Most common in the proximal aorta
Dissection is between the inner two thirds and outer third
Most common complication is hemorrhage - Hemangioma
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Benign
Capillary --> birthmark
Cavernous --> port wine stains - Angiosarcoma
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Rare, malignant neoplasm of endothelial cells
Most commonly in skin and soft tissue
Of liver, associated with arsenic and vinyl chloride - Kaposi Sarcoma
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Malignant endothelial tumor
Seen frequently in AIDS patients
Commonly occurs on skin, mucosal membranes, GI tract, and lungs
Evidence implicates Human Herpesvirus 8