Block 3 MICRO Exam -- Viral Pathogenesis (#3)
Terms
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- Respiratory tract is bathed in this to prevent infection
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IgA
Particularly effective against influenza - Non-obvious viruses that enter via respiratory tract
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Adenoviruses
Hantaviruses (part of Bunya)
Herpesviruses
B19 parvovirus - Virus family of Poliovirus
- Picornaviridae
- Virus family of coxsackie viruses
- Picornaviridae
- Enveloped virus that infects GI tract
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Enteric coronavirus
Remember, RARE for enveloped viruses to infect GI tract - Viruses that can enter via GI tract
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Picornaviruses
Rotavirus
Astroviruses
Caliciviridae
Adenoviruses
Coronaviruses
Reovirus - Virus family of Norwalk virus
- Caliciviridae
- Enteric adenoviruses and Norwalk viruses infect these cells
- Intestinal epithelial cells
- Astroviruses infect these cells
- M cells
- 4 main protections for GI tract
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Alkaline pH
Enzymes & bile
IgA (mucosal immunity)
Motion - Viruses that enter through the skin
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Poxviruses
Herpes simplex
Adenoviruses
Rhinoviruses
Rabies virus - Virus family for rabies virus
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Rhabdoviridae
Also includes Vesiculovirus - This virus can infect olfactory receptor cells
- Rabies virus
- These viruses can enter conjuctiva & sclera
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Herpes simplex
Adenoviruses
Some picornaviruses - How does polio virus spread
- Hematogenously
- Where does measles initially replicate
- Respiratory epithelium
- These viruses spread in blood as free viruses
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Polio virus
Yellow fever virus
Hepatitis B virus - What cell type is EBV assoc. w/ when blood borne?
- B Cells
- These viruses replicate in Kupffer cells
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Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B - Dengue and Rubella assoc. w/ this type of cell in blood
- Monocyte/Macrophage
- Virus family of RSV
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Paramyxoviridae
Also contains measles and mumps - Viruses for which immune system contributes to damage
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Hepatitis B
Dengue virus
RSV - Virus family for Dengue virus
- Flaviviridae
- Viruses in which pts. with Ab have worse disease
- Dengue virus
- Virus in which immunized children were found to be worse off
- RSV
- Response generated by KILLED vaccines
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Strong Ab response
Weak cell-mediated response
Vaccine is effective for hematogenously spreading virus - Type of vaccine for polio
- Killed (Salk) or live attenuated (Sabin)
- Type of vaccine for MMR
- Live attenuated
- Type of vaccine for chicken pox
- Live attenuated
- Type of vaccine for Hepatitis A
- Killed
- Type of vaccine for Hepatitis B
- Subunit
- Type of vaccine for influenza
- Killed
- Type of vaccine for rabies
- Killed
- Types of vaccines for the encephalitides
- Killed
- Viruses with live attenuated vaccines
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MMR
Varicella (chicken pox)
Yellow fever
Adenovirus - Why do live attenuated vaccines lose human virulence
- Accumulation of mutations
- Type of response live attenuated vaccines induce
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Strong cell-mediated immunity
Moderate Ab response
Typically, produce longer lasting immunity - Two main risks of live attenuated vaccines
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Reversion to wild type (rare)
Causing disease in immunosuppressed - Type of vaccine for smallpox
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LIVE (Vaccinia)
Vaccinia is used in novel, recombinant vaccines - Target for Acyclovir
- Herpes simplex DNA polymerase
- Target for AZT
- HIV RT
- Target for Ribavirin
- RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of RSV
- Target for Zanamivir/Oseltavir
- Neuraminidase of invluenza virus
- Strain(s) of flu Amantadine/Rimantadine work for
- Strain A only
- Strain(s) of flu Zanamavir/Oseltamivir work for
- BOTH strains A and B