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SS Mid-term Review Vocab

Terms

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Tidewater
a region of flat, low-lying plains along the seacoast
subsistense farming
farming in which only enough foodto feed one's family is produced
ordinance
a law or regulation
triangular trade
a trade route that exchanged goods between the West Indies, the American colonies, and West Africa
overseer
person who supervises a large operation or its workers
civilization
a highly developed culture, usually with organized religions and laws
constitution
a formal plan of government
diversity
variety or difference
archaeology
the study of ancient peoples
mercenary
paid soldier who serves in the army of a foreign country
executive branch
the branch of government, headed by the president, that carries out the nation's laws and policies
biacarmel
consisting of two houses, or chambers, especially in a legislature
Enlightenment
movement during the 1700s that spread the idea that knowledge, reason, and science could improve society
speculator
person who risks money in order to make a large profit
writs of assistance
legal document that enabled officiers to search homes and warehouses for goods that might be smuggled
pacifist
person opposed to the use of war or violence to settle disputs
blockade
cut off an area by means of troops or warships to stop supplies or people from coming in or going out; to close off a country's ports
Separatist
protestants who, during the 1600s, wanted to leave the Anglican Church in order to found their own churches
charter
a document that gives the holder the right to organize settlements in an area
burgesses
elected representatives to an assembly
privateer
armed private ship
recruit
to enlist soldiers in the army
Northwest Passage
water route to Asia through North America sought by European explorers
militia
a group of civilians trained to fight in emergencies
persecute
to treat someone harshly because of that person's beliefs or practices
legislative branch
the branch of government that makes the nation's laws
nomad
people who move from place to placce, usually in search of food or grazing land
hieroglyphics
an ancient form of writing using symbols and pictures to represent words, sounds, and concepts
resolution
a formal of expression of opinion
carbon dating
a scientific method used to determine the age of an artifact
inflation
a continuous rise in the price of goods and services
preamble
the introduction to a formal document, especially the Constitution
neutral
taking no sides in a conflict
apprentice
assistent who is assigned to learn the trade of a skilled craft
cash crop
farm crop raised to be sold for money
repeal
to cancel an act or law
Ice Age
a period of extrmely cold temperatures when part of the planet's surface was covered with massive ice sheets
ratify
to give official approval to
pueblo
home or community of homes built by Native Americans
checks and balances
the system in which each branch of government has a check on the other two branches so that no one branch becomes too powerful
Iroquois Confederacy
a powerful group of Native Americans in the eastern part of the United States made up of five nations: the Mohawk, Seneca, Cayuga, Ononondaga, and Oneida
depreciate
to fall in value
compromise
agreement between two or more sides in which each side gives up some of what it wants
culture
a way of life of a group of people who share similar beliefs and customs
literacy
the ability to read and write
smuggling
trading illegally with other nations
Loyalist
American colonist who remained loyal to Britin and opposed the war for independence
charter colony
colony established by a group of settlers who had been given a forml document allowin them to settle
backcountry
a regions of hills and forests west of the Tidewater
depression
a period of low economic activity and widespread unemployment
mission
religious settlement
conqistador
Spanish explorer in the Americas in the 1500s
republic
a government in which citizens rule through elected representatives
proportional
to be the same as or corresponding to
guerrialla warfare
a hit-and-run technique used in fighting a war; fighting by small bands of warriors using tactics such as sudden ambushes
federation
a type of government that links different groups together
Pilgrim
Separatists who journied to the colonies during the 1600s for religious purpose
Patriots
American colonists who were determined to fight the British until American independance was won
artifact
an item left behind by early people that represent their culture
revenue
incoming money
viceroy
person who rules a country or province as the representative the monarch
import
a good bought from foreign markets
strait
a narrow passageway connecting two larger bodies of water
effigy
rag figure representing an unpopular figure
Puritan
Protestants who, during the 1600s, wanted to reform the Aglican Church
petition
a formal request
deserter
soldier who runs away from battle or war
proprietary colony
colony run by individuals or groups to whom land was granted
amendment
an addition to a formal document such as the Constitution
propaganda
ideas or information designed and spread to influence opinion
mosque
a Muslim house of worship
export
a good sold abroad
minutemen
companies of civillian soldiers who boasted that they were ready to fight on a minute's notice
merchantilism
the theory that a state's or nation's power depended on its wealth
debtor
person or country that owes money
indentured servant
laborer who agreed to work without pay for a certain period of time in exchange for passage to America
judicial branch
the branch of governmet, consisting of the federal court system, that interprets the nation's laws
Renaissance
a period of intellectual and artistic creativty
federalism
the sharing of power between the federal and state governments

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