Kyle's SS
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- John Adams
- A successful lawyer also sent as a Massachusetts delegate to the Continental Congress in 1774 & 1776;second President of the US;helped Jefferson write the D of I
- What was the capital of the Aztec empire?
- Tenochtitlan
- Peter Stuyvesant
- governor of the New Amsterdam colony that was attached by English ships and surrendered; the colony was given to the king's brother, the Duke of York and was renamed to New York
- Louisiana Territory
- French lands west of the Mississippi River given to Spain in the Treaty of Paris
- Hernan Cortez
- a Spanish conquistador who landed on the east coast of what we now know as Mexico in 1519; he was looking for gold and glory, became friends with the Aztec emperor and later killed him and many Aztec nobels
- Stamp Act
- in 1765, British law that placed a tax on almost all printed material in the colonies; all printed materials had to have a stamp
- Detroit
- British fort in Ohio River valley
- mercantilism
- the theory that a state's or nation's power depended on its wealth
- Enlightenment
- movement during the 1700's that spread the idea that knowledge, reason, and science could improve society
- Bartholomeu Dais
- was sent bythe Portuguese king in 1488 to explore the southernmost part of Africa
- Patriots worst defeat of the war occurred where, what year?
- a
- "I have not yet begun to fight"
- John Paul Jones answered this to a British captain during a battle when Jone's ship was so badly damaged
- Ferdinand Magellan
- commissioned in 1519 by the Spanish, this Portuguese mariner led an expedition searching for a passage that would lead them to the Pacific Ocean; he found and sailed through a narrow, twisting sea passage to the Pacific, this strait still bears his name
- What was the focus of the Inca and Olmec societies?
- a
- Molasses Act
- in 1733, levied a large duty on foreign sugar, molasses and rum
- Marco Polo
- traveld in 1271 from Italy to China to learn about their advanced culture. After 17 years returned to Italy and wrote an account of the marvels of Asia.
- militia
- a group of civilians trained to fight in emergencies
- Where was the American capital located?
- Philadelphia
- What agreement gave Spain the right to most of North & South America?
- the Treaty of Tordesillas
- Henry Hudson
- an English sailer was hired by the Dutch to find a passage through the Americas. in 1609 he discovered the river that now bears his name.
- Benjamin Franklin
- colonial leader during the Second Continental Congress; one of the most accomplished and respected individuals in the colonies;helped Jefferson write the D of I
- What crop saved Jamestown?
- Tobacco
- Iron Act
- in 1750, prohibited building new colonial iron plants; prohibited colonial import duties on iron brought from Britain.
- Patriot
- American colonists who werre determined to fight the British until American independence was won
- propaganda
- information designed to influence opinion
- William Penn
- founder of the Pennsylvania colony where the Quaker ideas of toleration & equality were put into practice.
- Ethan Allen
- led a small group of New Englanders known as the Green Mountain Boys and captured the British Fort Ticonderoga on Lake Champlain
- cash crop
- farm crop raised to be sold for money
- "The future of America is closely bound up with the future of all mankind"
- Marquis de Lafayette, a French nobleman fighting for the American cause wrote this in a letter to his wife and children
- Loyalist
- American colonists who remained loyal to Britain and opposed the war for independence
- In what location was the quote "shot heard 'round the world" said?
- Lexington & Concord, the battle for America's independence from Britain had begun
- Renaissance
- period of intellectual and artistic creativity named after a French word meaning "rebirth"; reached Spain and northern Europe in the 1400s and encouraged them to pursue new ideas and set new goals, paving the way for an age of exploration and discovery.
- Thomas Jefferson
- colonial leader during the Second Continental Congress; only 32, member of the Virginia House of Burgesses; when he authored the declaration of independence
- Patriots worst winter of the war was spent where?
- Valley Forge
- subsistence farming
- farming in which only enough food to feed one's family is produced
- Sugar Act
- in 1764, this act lowered the tax on molasses imported by the colonists
- Which island was purchased for a small amount of beads?
- a
- Age of Enlightenment
- by the middle of the 1700s, this movement, which began in Europe, spread the idea that knowledge, reason, and science could improve society.
- Christopher Columbus
- young Italian sea captain who sailed from Spain across the Atlantic Ocean landed in present day Bahamas
- Which Enlightened colonist would lead the colonists to independence?
- Georga Washington
- Mayflower Compact
- a formal document, written in 1620, that provided law and order to the Plymouth colongy
- Vasco da Gama
- led the first Portuguese expedition to India in 1497, he reached the port of Calicut in 1498, completing the long-awaited eastern sea route to Asia
- Sir George Carteret
- one of the proprietors who was given the southern part of the Duke of York's colony; he and his partner, Lord John Berkeley, named their colony New Jersey
- Anglican
- the official Church of England during the 1600's
- Charter
- a document that gives the holder the right to organize settlements in an area
- What Patriot victory occurred on Christmas night of 1776?
- Washington crossed the Delaware River and caught the British off guard capturing Trenton and reviving the American spirit to win
- Who fought in the Seven Years' War?
- Britain declared war on France but French, British and Spanish forces fought
- How did the English view colonies?
- as a source of funds to help Britain with their financial troubles
- Oliver Cromwell
- led the Puritans in the civil war in England against the king; he had the king beheaded
- Francisco Pizarrio
- in 1530, this conquistador sailed down the Pacific coast of South America with about 180 Spanish soldiers and by 1535 he had gained control of most of the vast Inca Empire, after executing its ruler.
- What were England, France & the Netherlands hoping to discover?
- A Northwest Passage to Asia, a more direct water route through the Americas.
- What did the English want to establish in the Americas?
- Settlements where they could practice their religous beliefs in peace.
- What was the last British colony to be established?
- Georgia
- Ottawa
- village of Native Americans near Detroit ruled by Pontiac
- Act of Toleration
- in 1649, granted Protestants & Catholics the right to worship freely in Maryland
- Great Awakening
- in the 1730's & 1740's, a religious revival that swept through the American colonies
- "These are the times that try men's souls"
- Thomas Paine wrote these in his pamphlet called The Crisis; this helped to stir ideas of patriotism
- Coercive Acts
- in 1774, British Parliament passed very harsh laws intended to make Massachuetts pay for it resistance to other taxes (Boston Tea Party)
- Pilgrim
- Separatists who journetyed to the colonies during the 1600's for a religious purpose
- How were the conquistadors able to turn Native Americans into slaves?
- They arrived with new weapons, guns & cannons, and fearsome animals; they almost seemed like gods. Also, many Native Americans hated either tribe lords so they helped to over throw them.
- Tidewater
- a region of flat, low-lying plains along the seacoast
- Why was agriculture considered so important to early Amercians?
- Because it could provide a steady supply of food, it allowed them to stay in one place and to focus on other areas of improving their lives.
- Paul Revere
- leader of the Sons of Liberty who galloped in the moonlight to warn Patriots that the British were coming to attack
- Torrie
- another name for Loyalists
- Samuel Adams
- Massachusetts delegate to the Continental Congress in 1774 & 1776; wanted American Independence
- Who were the last people to cross the land bridge?
- the Inuit
- John Cabot
- in 1497, England sent this Italian to look for a norther route to Asia; he landed on the coast of present-day Newfoundland
- What crop allowed nomads to become farmers?
- maize - corn
- Great Migration
- during the 1630s religious persecution and economic hard times in England drove more than 15,000 Puritans to journey to Massachustts.
- Region of Loyalist strength?
- the South
- Which treaty did the British sign in which they promised to remove all troops from American territory?
- Treaty of Paris
- Puritan
- Protestants who, during the 1600's, wanted to reform the Anglican Church
- proprietary
- belonging to individuals or groups to whom land was granted
- Townshend Acts
- in 1767, taxed imported goods at the point of entry but included taxing basic items such as glass, tea, paper and lead.
- Middle Ages
- a
- What was the focus of the Mayan and Aztec societies?
- Their religions
- Separatist
- Protestants who, during the 1600's, wanted to leave the Anglican Church in order to found their own churches
- mission
- religious settlement
- pacifists
- person opposed to the use of war or violence to settle disputes
- Pontiac
- chief of an Ottawa village; wanted to join Indian groups to fight the British; in 1763 attacked the British fort at Detroit; killed many settlers but failed to capture important strongholds
- Which colony was created so that debtors and poor people could make a fresh start?
- Georgia
- backcountry
- a region of hills and forests west of the Tidewater
- Robert de La Salle
- Frenchman who followed the Mississippi River all the way to the Gulf of Mexico, claiming the region for France and naming it Louisiana in honor of King Louis XIV
- Region of Loyalist weakness?
- West of the Appalachain Mountains
- What changed forever the way of life for the Native Americans in the 1500's?
- They met Europeans, whose cultures, beliefs, and ways of life were different from anything they had ever known.
- Middle Passage
- the inhumane aspect of the triangular trade that shipped Africans to the West Indies
- Proclamation of 1763
- Great Britain declared that the Appalachian Mountains were the temporary western boundary for all the colonies; governors could not grand land west of the boundary without the king's permission
- At what place did Americans win their freedom?
- Yorktown
- George Washington
- Commander of the American forces during the fight for independence from Britain; first president of the United States
- What did the French want to establish in the Americas?
- Opportunities for profit from fishing and fur trading rather than a place to settle.
- What country was an ally to the Americans?
- France
- writ of assistance
- legal documents enabling the officers to search homes and warehouses for goods that might be smuggled
- why were early people able to settle in America?
- Scientists believe that the first Americas were people from Asia who crossed over Beringia during the Iast Ice Age. This ice bridge now lies under the Bering Strait.