European Expansion
Terms
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- Bartholomeu Dias
- Portugese ship captain whose voyage around the southern tip of Africa in 1487 led to the opening of a sea route between Europe and Asia.
- West Indies
- An archipelago stretching from Florida to Venezuela, separating the Carribean Sea from the Atlantic Ocean
- Peru
- Colonial lands held by Spain in South America from the 1500s to the 1800s; present-day country in western South America
- Ferdinand Magellan
- Portugese explorer in the service of Spain; he set out to find a route to Asia by sailing around the southern tip of South America.
- emancipee
- A person who has been freed, or emancipated, from a sentence of punishment given to him or her by the government.
- heliocentric
- Based on Copernicus's idea that the Earth and the other planets revolve around the sun.
- sugarcane
- A tall grass with a thick, woody stem containing a liquid that is a source of sugar.
- scientific method
- A way of studying things throught questioning and throughout testing.
- caravel
- A saling ship developed in Portugal in the 1400s that had greater directional control than earler ships and could sail great distances more safely.
- New Spain
- Spanish colony in North America including Mexico, Central America, the southwest United States, and many of the Carribean islands from the 1500s to the 1800s
- gravity
- The force that pulls objects towards Earth and that draws planets into orbits around the sun.
- Francisco Pizarro
- Spanish connquistador who in 1532 defeated the Inca emperor Atahualpa.
- Hispaniola
- a Caribbean island settled by Spaniards in 1493; a present day island that is divided into the Dominican Republic and Haiti.
- plantation
- A large farming estate where mainly a single crop is grown; until the mid-1800's slaved often worked on plantations.
- Mexico City
- The capital and largest city of Mexico; formerly Tenochtitlan, it became the capital of New Spain after the Spanish conquered the Aztec in the 1500s
- New South Wales
- Englich colony founded on the east coast of Australia in 1788; currently a state of Australia
- James Cook
- A navigator and ship captain who explored and claimed land in Australia for England in 1770.
- Carribean Sea
- A sea bounded on the north and east bounded by the West Indies and by Central and South America on the west and south.
- Pedro Alvarez Cabral
- Portuguese navigator who landed on the coast of Brazil in 1500 and claimed it for Portugal.
- Moctezuma
- Aztec emperor defeated and killed by the Spanish conquistador Hernando Cortes.
- credibility
- believability
- Santo Domingo
- A Spanish colony established on Hispaniola in 1496; the capital of the Dominican Republic.
- Hernando Cortez
- Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs in 1521.
- hacianda
- A large agricultural estate owned by Spaniards or the or the church in Spain's American colonies.
- Elizabeth Veale
- Early colonist of the Englsh of New South Wales in Australia who helped establish the production of wool as an important Australian industry.
- Cuzco
- A city in southern peru; capital of the Inca empire from the 1200s the the 1500s;14 degrees S, 72 degrees W
- Straight of Magellan
- A narrow water way at the southern tip of South America, linking the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
- Prince Henery
- Portuguese prince who directed the search for a sea route to the gold mines of western Africa. He also designed a fast, steerable ship known as the caravel.
- straight
- A narrow channel or body of water, connecting two larger bodies of water.
- geocentric
- Based on the idea that Earth is the center of the universe and that the sun, stars, and planets revolve around Earth.
- Lima
- The capital of Peru, founded by Francisco Pizarro in 1535; 12 degrees S, 77 degrees W
- Middle Passage
- The difficult voyage made by enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the West Indies where they were sold.
- Atahualpa
- The last Inca emperor captured and killed by Francisco Pizarro.
- aborigine
- A person belonging to, or descending from, the group of people who first inhabited Australia.
- Triangular Trade
- Fom the 1500s to the mid-1880s, the triangular-shaped trade routes between the Americas, England, adn Africa, which involved the buying and selling of captive Africans as well as guns, sugar, and iron goods.
- Galileo Galilei
- Italian astronemer, mathematician, and physicist. His telescope prove that the sun is the center of the solar system.
- telescope
- An optical instrument for making distant objects, such as planets and stars, appear nearer and larger.
- convict
- A person who has been found guilty by the government of committing a crime and receives a sentence of punishment.
- Olaudah Equiano
- Enslaved African writer. In 1789, he wrote an autobiography describing his life in slavery.
- Christopher Columbus
- Italian explorer in the service of Spain who arived in the Americas in 1492.
- missionary
- A person who teaches his or her religion to people with different beliefs.
- Line of Demarcation
- An imaginary line drawn across North and South America in 1494 to divide the claims of Spain and Portugal.
- conquistador
- A Spanish conqueror who came to the Americas to search for gold, land, and glory.
- Vasca da Gama
- Portuguese navigator who in 1498 sailed from Europe around Africa to Asia.
- Isaac Newton
- English scientist who studied gravity.
- Lachlan Maquarie
- Govener of the English colony of New South Wales in Australia from 1810 to 1821. He supported the rights of the emancipee's in New South Wales.
- convert
- To adopt or cause someone to adopt a new religion.