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European Expansion

Terms

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Bartholomeu Dias
Portugese ship captain whose voyage around the southern tip of Africa in 1487 led to the opening of a sea route between Europe and Asia.
West Indies
An archipelago stretching from Florida to Venezuela, separating the Carribean Sea from the Atlantic Ocean
Peru
Colonial lands held by Spain in South America from the 1500s to the 1800s; present-day country in western South America
Ferdinand Magellan
Portugese explorer in the service of Spain; he set out to find a route to Asia by sailing around the southern tip of South America.
emancipee
A person who has been freed, or emancipated, from a sentence of punishment given to him or her by the government.
heliocentric
Based on Copernicus's idea that the Earth and the other planets revolve around the sun.
sugarcane
A tall grass with a thick, woody stem containing a liquid that is a source of sugar.
scientific method
A way of studying things throught questioning and throughout testing.
caravel
A saling ship developed in Portugal in the 1400s that had greater directional control than earler ships and could sail great distances more safely.
New Spain
Spanish colony in North America including Mexico, Central America, the southwest United States, and many of the Carribean islands from the 1500s to the 1800s
gravity
The force that pulls objects towards Earth and that draws planets into orbits around the sun.
Francisco Pizarro
Spanish connquistador who in 1532 defeated the Inca emperor Atahualpa.
Hispaniola
a Caribbean island settled by Spaniards in 1493; a present day island that is divided into the Dominican Republic and Haiti.
plantation
A large farming estate where mainly a single crop is grown; until the mid-1800's slaved often worked on plantations.
Mexico City
The capital and largest city of Mexico; formerly Tenochtitlan, it became the capital of New Spain after the Spanish conquered the Aztec in the 1500s
New South Wales
Englich colony founded on the east coast of Australia in 1788; currently a state of Australia
James Cook
A navigator and ship captain who explored and claimed land in Australia for England in 1770.
Carribean Sea
A sea bounded on the north and east bounded by the West Indies and by Central and South America on the west and south.
Pedro Alvarez Cabral
Portuguese navigator who landed on the coast of Brazil in 1500 and claimed it for Portugal.
Moctezuma
Aztec emperor defeated and killed by the Spanish conquistador Hernando Cortes.
credibility
believability
Santo Domingo
A Spanish colony established on Hispaniola in 1496; the capital of the Dominican Republic.
Hernando Cortez
Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs in 1521.
hacianda
A large agricultural estate owned by Spaniards or the or the church in Spain's American colonies.
Elizabeth Veale
Early colonist of the Englsh of New South Wales in Australia who helped establish the production of wool as an important Australian industry.
Cuzco
A city in southern peru; capital of the Inca empire from the 1200s the the 1500s;14 degrees S, 72 degrees W
Straight of Magellan
A narrow water way at the southern tip of South America, linking the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
Prince Henery
Portuguese prince who directed the search for a sea route to the gold mines of western Africa. He also designed a fast, steerable ship known as the caravel.
straight
A narrow channel or body of water, connecting two larger bodies of water.
geocentric
Based on the idea that Earth is the center of the universe and that the sun, stars, and planets revolve around Earth.
Lima
The capital of Peru, founded by Francisco Pizarro in 1535; 12 degrees S, 77 degrees W
Middle Passage
The difficult voyage made by enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the West Indies where they were sold.
Atahualpa
The last Inca emperor captured and killed by Francisco Pizarro.
aborigine
A person belonging to, or descending from, the group of people who first inhabited Australia.
Triangular Trade
Fom the 1500s to the mid-1880s, the triangular-shaped trade routes between the Americas, England, adn Africa, which involved the buying and selling of captive Africans as well as guns, sugar, and iron goods.
Galileo Galilei
Italian astronemer, mathematician, and physicist. His telescope prove that the sun is the center of the solar system.
telescope
An optical instrument for making distant objects, such as planets and stars, appear nearer and larger.
convict
A person who has been found guilty by the government of committing a crime and receives a sentence of punishment.
Olaudah Equiano
Enslaved African writer. In 1789, he wrote an autobiography describing his life in slavery.
Christopher Columbus
Italian explorer in the service of Spain who arived in the Americas in 1492.
missionary
A person who teaches his or her religion to people with different beliefs.
Line of Demarcation
An imaginary line drawn across North and South America in 1494 to divide the claims of Spain and Portugal.
conquistador
A Spanish conqueror who came to the Americas to search for gold, land, and glory.
Vasca da Gama
Portuguese navigator who in 1498 sailed from Europe around Africa to Asia.
Isaac Newton
English scientist who studied gravity.
Lachlan Maquarie
Govener of the English colony of New South Wales in Australia from 1810 to 1821. He supported the rights of the emancipee's in New South Wales.
convert
To adopt or cause someone to adopt a new religion.

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